语言学 概念功能

• Material process are those in which something is done. • Expressed by
▫ An action verb (e.g. Beat, break, kick) ▫ An actor (logical subject) ▫ The goal of the action (logical direct object)
• The ideational function mainly consists of “transitivity” and “voice”.
▫ Transitivity is simply the grammar of the clause in its ideational aspect.
• There are six different types of processes represented in language:
is
always grumbling
Existential process 存在过程
• Existential processes represent that something exists or happens. • In every existential process, there is an Existent. • E.g. There is • a new office building. Existent
▫ Senser ▫ phenomena
E.g.
• Perception (感知)
▫ John saw Sensor process the murderer phenomena
Reaction (反应)
My sister likes the skirt Sensor process phenomena
Metafunctions
Ideational function 概念功能
2
Metafunctions元功能
(different modes of meaning construed by the grammar)
Ideational function 概念功能
Metafunctions---Interpersonal function 人际功能 textual function 语篇功能
• E.g
▫ The lion caught ▫ Actor Process the tourist Goal
Mental process 心理过程
• Mental processes are Байду номын сангаасrocesses expressing such mental phenomena as “perception”(e.g. see, look), “reaction”(e.g. like, please), and cognition(e.g. know, believe). • Involves two participants:
Verbal process 言语过程
• Verbal process are those of exchange information. Commonly used verbs are :
▫ Say, tell, talk, praise, boast, describe, etc.
• The main participants are Sayer, Receiver, and Verbiage • E.g. My watch says that is ten o’clock. • Sayer Verbiage
•
She Sayer
asks
me to get up earlier Receiver Verbiage
Behavioral process 行为过程
• Behavioral processes refer to physiological and psychological behavior such as breathing, coughing, smiling, laughing, crying, staring, and dreaming, etc. • Generally only one participant, Behaver, often a human. • Distinguished from Material process:
Cognition (认知)
I know Sensor process that she was absent phenomena
Relational process 关系过程
• Relational process can be classified into two types: Attributive and Identifying. • Attributive is about what attributes a certain object has, or what type it belongs to. Expressed by:
▫ Attribute—the quality, Carrier—the entity ▫ E.g. Today’s weather is going to be warm. ▫ Carrier process Attribute
Identifying expresses the identical properties of two entities, which means one entity is being used to identify another. And usually are reversible.. • Expressed by Identified and Identifier.(or token and value) • E.g. John is our monitor. Identified process Identifier Token process Value
▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Material process 物质过程 Mental process 心理过程 Relational process 关系过程 Verbal process 言语过程 Behavioral process 行为过程 Existential process 存在过程
Material process 物质过程
▫ Only one participant: whether the activity concerned is physiological or psychological. ▫ Two participants, take it as material process.
• E.g. He • Behaver
Ideational Function （概念功能)
• The ideational function(“experiential” and “logical”) is to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer. • The ideational function is a meaning potential, because whatever specific use one is making of language he has to refer a categories of his experience of the world.