名词复数讲义和练习
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名词复数讲义和练习
一、知识点梳理
(一)可数名词
规则变化
1.一般在词尾加-s。s在浊辅音后面读[z],在清辅音后面读[s],在[t]后与[t]一起读[ts],在[d]后与[d]一起读[dz]。例如:
book — books day — days dog — dogs tree —
trees student—students
2.以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加-es,读[iz]例如:
glass — glasses 玻璃杯 watch — watches 手表
box — boxes 盒子 brush — brushes 刷3.以o结尾的词有些加-es,读[z];有些加-s,读[s]。例如:
tomato — tomatoes 西红柿 potato — potatoes 土豆 hero — heroes 英雄
Negro—Negroes黑人
photo — photos 相片 radio — radios 收音机 zoo — zoos 动物园
4.有些以f 或fe 结尾的词,先把f 改为v,再加–es,读[vz]。例如: knife — knives 小刀 leaf — leaves 树叶 scarf—
scarfs/scarves 围巾
life — lives 生命 thief — thieves 小偷
注意:roof,belief,chief,proof等变成复数时直接在词尾加-s。
5.以辅音字母加y 结尾的,先把y 改为i,再加-es,读[z]。例如:
story — stories 故事 city — cities 城市
family — families 家庭 baby — babies 婴儿注意:boy — boys 男孩 toy — toys 玩具 key —keys 钥匙
不规则变化
1.有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如:
man — men 男人 woman — women 妇女
tooth — teeth 牙齿 foot — feet 脚
2.单复数同形。例如:
deer — deer 鹿 sheep — sheep绵羊 people—people 人们,人民
Chinese — Chinese 中国人 Japanese — Japanese 日本人
3.有些学科名词虽以s 结尾,但通常都做单数名词看待。例如:
physics 物理 maths 数学 politics 政治4.表“某国人”的名词,复数变化有三种情况。例如:
a.单复数形式相同:
a Chinese—ten Chinese a Japanese—five Japanese
b.变词尾的:
Frenchman—Frenchmen Englishwoman—Englishwomen Dutchman—Dutchmen
c.词尾加-s:
German—Germans Russian—Russians American—Americans
5.复合名词的复数。
a.将主体名词变为复数,如:
mother-in-law→mothers-in-law 岳母 passer-by→passers-by 路人
looker-on→lookers-on 旁观者 editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief 主编
b.在词尾加-s,如:
go-between→go-betweens 中间人,媒人 grown-up→grown-ups成年人
c.由man或者woman构成的复合名词,两者都要变成复数,如:
a man teacher→two men teachers a woman doctor→two women doctors
注意:有一些名词,形式上是复数,但意义上是单数。如:news 消息 maths 数学 physics物理
(二)不可数名词
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,不能直接与a/an或表示数量的词连用。这
些名词前往往要加some,any,no,a little等词,或加“glass(杯),piece (片)等名词+of”结构。如:
some apple juice/milk 一些苹果汁、牛奶 a drop of water一滴水
four buckets of water 四桶水 three pieces of news 三条新闻(信息)二、典型例题讲解
1.--Good morning, madam. Can I help you?
--Sure, I’d like ___for cooking vegetables.
A two cups of coffee
B three pieces of bread
C one bowl of dumplings
D five kilos of oil
2.My parents were born ___.
A in the 1940
B in 1940s
C in the 1940’s
D the 1940
3.___ happened to see the terrible traffic accident and called the police.
A One of looker-ons
B One of the looker-ons
C One of the lookers-on
D One of lookers-on
4.Bill said they would have ___ holiday.
A a two-month
B two months
C two-months
D two month’s
5.___ nice apple juice it is!
A How
B How a
C What
D What a
三、课堂练习
(一)写出下列名词的复数形式
movie life potato photo tooth monkey Frenchman German month
(二)选择
1.__A_fall to the ground when autumn comes.
A Leaves
B Leafs
C Leave
D Leaf
2.—Can I help you?
--Yes, I’d like __B_and a kilo of ___
A two kilo of tomatoes, potato
B two kilos of tomatoes, potatoes