介词+关系代词用法

介词＋关系代词”的用法版本1归纳如下：

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”。Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office?

Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?

使用“介词＋关系代词”要注意以下几点：

(一)选用介词的依据：

(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。

Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.

(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。

The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.

(3)根据句子的意思来选择。

The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.

(4) 表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。

I have about 20 books, half of which were written by Bing Xin, the famous writer.

(二)在定语从句中，含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化)，如look after, look for等。

The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)

The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)

(三)“of which / whom”有时可以用“whose＋名词”结构来改写。

The building whose roof was damaged in the earthquake has been repaired.＝The building of which the roof was damaged in the earthquake has

been repaired.

(四)当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。

All of us disliked the way(in which / that)Tom settled the maths problem.

I don’t understand the way(that/which)the teacher explained to me.

(五)in that不可以引导定语从句，但可以引导原因状语从句。

She didn’t attend the meeting in that / because she was seriously ill.

(六)“介词＋关系代词”与关系副词的转化

(1)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。

I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.

＝I visited the village in which many children couldn’t go to school because

of poverty.

(2) 当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when

引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。

We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week.

＝We’d better fix a date on which we will practice speaking English

next week.

(3) 当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。

Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school?

＝Can you tell me the reason for which you were late for school?

【介词+关系用法版本2】

【一】“介词＋关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose。但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制，关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。如：

Do you know the girl to whom our teacher was talking?

= Do you know the girl (that/who/whom) our teacher was talking to?

The school (that/which) my brother once studied in is very famous.

= The school in which my brother once studied is very famous.

【二】关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,on,during等）+which； Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which； Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which

【1】当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when 引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。

I still remember the day when I came here. ( on the day =when)

(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。

This is the house where I lived last year. ( in the house= where)

(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why 引导，此时也可以用for which来代替关系副词why。

There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)

注意：

【2】含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开, 介词仍放在短语动词的后面。

如: look for, look a fter, take care of， pay attention to, look forward to 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.

【3】“介词+关系代词”前还可有

some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词,表示先行词的一部分或全部。

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

【三】介词的选择