全套毕业设计(图纸与计算书)

Building Types and Design

A building is closely bound up with people, for it provides people with the necessary space to work and live in.

As classified by their use, buildings are mainly of two types: industrial buildings and civil buildings. Industrial buildings are used by various factories or industrial production while civil buildings are those that are used by people for dwelling, employment, education and other social activities.

Industrial buildings are factory building that are available for processing and manufacturing of various kinds, in such fields as the mining industry, the metallurgical industry, machine building, the chemical industry and the textile industry. Factory buildings can be classified into two types: single-story ones and multi-story ones. The construction of industrial buildings is the same as that of civil buildings. However, industrial and civil buildings differ in the materials used and in the way they are used.

Civil buildings are divided into two broad categories: residential buildings and public buildings. Residential buildings should suit family life. Each flat should consist of at least three necessary rooms: a living room, a kitchen and a toilet. Public buildings can be used in politics, cultural activities, administration work and other services, such as schools, office buildings, child-care centers, parks, hospitals, shops, stations, theatres, gymnasiums, hotels, exhibition halts, bath pools, and so on. All of them have different functions, which in turn require different design types as well.

Housing is the living quavers for human being. The basic function of housing is to provide shelter from the elements, but people today require much more than this of their housing. A family moving into a new neighborhood will want to know if the available housing meets its standards of safety, health, and comfort. A family will also ask how near the housing is to gain shops, food markets, schools, stores, the library, a movie theater, and the community center.

In the mid-1960’s a most important value in housing was sufficient space both inside and out. A majority of families preferred single-family homes on about haft an acre of land, which would provide space for spare-time activities. In highly industrialized countries, many families preferred to live as far out as possible from the center of a metropolitan area, even if the wage earners had to travel some distance to their work. Quite a large number of families profaned country housing to suburban housing because their chief aim was to get far away from noise, crowding, and confusion. The accessibility of public transportation had ceased to be a decisive factor in housing because most workers drove their cars to work. People were chiefly interested in the arrangement and size of rooms