(浙江专版)201x届高考英语一轮复习 第二部分 语法专项突破 第六讲 定语从句 新人教版

(2)在限制性定语从句中， 关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的情 况： ①先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, something, everything， all, some, none, little, few, the one 等时。 ◆ I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
②当从句中的介词提前， 构成“介词＋关系代词” 结构时。 ◆ We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个比以前容易获得更多信息的时代。 [典例] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ短文改错)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. ____________________ they→that/which 解析：分析句子结构可知，things 后是定语 从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用 that 或 which。
◆ I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards. 我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。 ◆ The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. 我想与你讨论的人是屠呦呦，2015 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学 奖的人。
④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 ◆ They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和 事。 (3)关系词只用 which 而不用 that 的情况： ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。 ◆ The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. 这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。
2．that，which 引导的定语从句 (1)which 指物， 在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作 宾语时可以省略。that 指人或物均可， 在从句中可以作主语、 宾语、表语， 作宾语时可以省略。 ◆ She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. 她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
3．as 引导的定语从句 (1)as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same＋先 行词＋as...”结构中。 ◆ Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 像在我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 (2)as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句， 定语从句说明整个句子， 可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式 有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper 等。
第二部分 语法专项突破
第六讲 定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who，whom 和 whose 引导的定语从句 (1)who 或 whom 均可指代人，但 who 在从句中作主语或宾语， whom 在从句中作宾语； 二者在引导限制性定语从句时可用 that 替换。 作主语时， who/that 不可省略； 作宾语时， whom/who/that 可以省略。 ◆ I’ve become good friends with Li Hua who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与在去年英语演讲比赛中结识的李华成了好朋友。
(2)whose 表所属关系， 一般指人，也可指物， 在从句中作定 语。 指物时相当于 of which; 指人时相当于 of whom。 ◆ The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 这家校Hale Waihona Puke Baidu商店的主要顾客是学生， 放假时商店关门。
②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词， 或先行词前有形容词最高 级或序数词修饰时。 ◆ The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被 the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all 等修饰时。 ◆ The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要 和先行词保持一致。 ◆ The boy who is reading the book is my brother. 正在读书的男孩是我弟弟。
[典例] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)But Sarah，____________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. who 解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主 语，指人，故用 who。