科技英语教学课件

One way to relate the structural formulas of these functional groups to the structural formulas of a carboxylic acid is to imagine a reaction in which –OH from the carboxyl and –H from a mineral acid, a carboxylic acid, an alcohol, or an amine is removed as water and the remaining atoms are joined in the following ways.
phosphoros （希腊语）
Light bearing
formic acid
formica （拉丁语） ant
2. 句法上的特点
(1) 长句使用多
Most people are familiar with the idea that the chemical elements which constitute the matter of the universe, are made up of particles called atoms and that an atom is the smallest recognizable particle of an element.
thermo- 热、电 thermoplastic thermodynamic
-icide 杀、杀∙∙∙剂 insecticide bactericide
“烷烃” alkane
“-ene”、“-yne”、“-ol”、“-al”、“-y “烯”、 “炔”、 “醇”、 “醛”、“基”
其它构词法：压缩法 ppm parts per million 百万分之一
base
基础
A base is the hydroxide of a metal
碱
(２) 前后缀出现频率高
英语的构词法主要有三种 合成法 转化法 派生法
其它：压缩法、混成法、符号法和 字母象形法
合成法：两个或更多的词合成一个词 (有时需加连字符) atomic weight functional group
其它构词法：混成法 两个词的头尾连在一起，构成一个新词
smog — smoke + fog
烟
雾
烟
雾
aldehyde — alcohol + dehydrogenation
醛
醇 脱
氢
(3) 科技词汇多源于希腊语和拉丁语
chlorine
chloros（希腊语）
greenish yellow
phosphorus
(4) 普遍使用形容词短语作后置定语
As a ship is loaded, it sinks deeper into the water, displacing an additional amount of water equal to the weight of the added load.
一、科技英语的特点
词汇上的特点 句法上的特点 修辞上的特点
plant
工厂
植物 种植
Basic chemicals are typically manufactured in plants that produce hundreds of thousands of tonnes of products per year.
(2) 修辞手法较单调
二、翻译的质量标准
翻译：把一种语言文字的意义用另一 种语言文字表达出来
玄奘不但把梵文佛经译成汉语，而且 还是中国第一个把汉语著作介绍到外 国，让外国了解我国的古代文化的翻 译家，是他第一个把老子的著作译成 梵文。
印度学者这样评价玄奘：
在中国以外没有这么伟大的翻译家， 在wk.baidu.com人类文化史中，只能说玄奘是第 一个伟大的翻译家
branched chain
by-product
acid ionization constant standard electrode potential
转化法 charge (n．电荷) charge (v．充电) yield (n．产率) yield (v．生成)
派生法:化学科技英语最常用的构词法
UFO
unidentified flying object
rpm（r/m）revolution per minute 转/分钟 rate per minute 每分钟速率
CA chemical abstract 化学文摘 cost accounting 会计成本 compressed air 压缩空气
(2) 广泛使用被动语态句 Nitration can be carried out with nitric acid.
Nitrogen is known to be an inert gas.
(3) 动词非谓语形式使用频率高
When a piece of metal is rubbed with wool, the electricity produced moves freely through the metal.
清末翻译家严复：
信 达雅
忠实
通顺
修辞
准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰
准确规范
准确：忠实地、不折不扣地传达原 文的全部信息内容
规范：译文要符合所涉及的科学技 术或某个专业领域的专业语言表达 规范
Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel
3. 修辞上的特点
(1) 时态运用有限
Hydrogen reacts with oxygen.
Weakness in the metal caused it to fracture under tension.
A number of various complicated problems have already been solved with the help of computers.
通顺易懂
China proves rich in oil and she is completely self-sufficient in it.