英译汉替换与重复

❖ 化学变化是改变粒子结构，形成新物质的一种变 化。
A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is changed and a new substance is formed.
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一定的文化是一定社会的政治和经济的反映，又给 予一定社会的政治和经济以巨大的作用和影响。
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在英语中避免如下几种重复： ❖1 音节的重复 ❖Commercials seldom make for entertaining and
relaxing listening. Commercials seldom entertain and relax the listener.
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❖Close examination of the results of the investigation led to a reorganization of the department.
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2 动词性替代
❖ 美国人今年削减国防开支，我怀疑俄国人也会这 样。
❖The Americans are reducing their defense expenditure this year. I wonder if the Russians will do so.
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❖汉语则通过重复强化行文的语气和修辞， 使语言生动有力。
❖英语宜采用替代、省略、变换等避免重复， 使行文简洁、有力，符合英语民族心理习 惯。
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1 名词性替代
一、替代
❖ 英译汉不如英译法那么容易。
Translation from English into Chinese is not so
easy as that from English into French.
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翻译或写作时注意以下重复的意义
❖advance planning; assemble together; ❖still remains; repeat again; ❖audible to the ear; entirely complete; ❖throughout the entire summer; foreign imports ❖dash quickly; exactly identical
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3 句式重复
❖Now is the time for everyone to vote, for everything depends upon this election. All are against corruption, and so they should vote the Reform ticket. This is not a foolish thing, for the voters can elect anyone they want. But the people must turn out heavily, for if they do there is little doubt that they will elect the men they want.
❖Everybody should turn out to vote in this election, for the triumph of the Reform party means the end of corruption in office. If the voters will only come to the polls in large enough numbers, they can surely elect the men they wish to see in power.
Any given culture is a reflection of the politics and economics of a given society, and the former in turn has a tremendous effect and influence on the latter.
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4. 意义重复
❖He asked the divisions to give their mutual cooperation to the project.
❖The bachelor’s degree is a necessary requisite for matriculation.
❖May I be permitted to state that the activiபைடு நூலகம்ies of the Club are not limited only to aeronautics?
❖Dr. Brown seriously maintains that in the near future opium-smoking will be as serious as the absinthe scourge in France.
❖Even to borrow money is wrong, according to Kant, because if everyone did borrow money, there would be no money left to borrow.
替换与重复
Substitutive vs. Reiterative
除非修辞的需要，英语一般要避免重复
Never use the same word or write the same thing twice in a sentence unless you are repeating intentionally for emphasis or for clarity.
❖Close study of the results of the inquiry led to a reorganization of the department.
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2 词语重复
❖We listened to an account of the customs of the inhabitants of the village.