汉英翻译技巧

对等译法
一、“假朋友” 问 假朋友，即“看似相同，实则有别”的假词义相符词语。 题 1. 生搬硬套字面意义所产生的“假朋友”。
原文
白菜 密码 救火 早恋
“假 朋 友”
white cabbage secret code to save a fire early love
正确译文
Chinese cabbage
We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.
增词译法 二、出于语义和修辞需要的增词
2. 增补概括性词语
黄金白银，坚甲利兵，并非构成大国的要素。 Gold and silver, a strong army and powerful weapons — these are not the elements that constitute a great nation. 如此大量的人员……是决不能持久的，是很危险的。 exists A situation in which such a large number of personnel ... cannot last long and is very dangerous. 结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。
原文
绿豆 食言 酸奶 试穿 黄色书籍 高等学校
“假 朋 友”
green bean eat one’s words sour milk to have a fit yellow book high school
正确译文
mung bean break a promise yoghurt to try sth. on
正确译文
farmer popularize economical and good You look healthy and energetic. He is a henpecked man.
对等译法
counterfeit v. adj. to make made sth. in exact poorer imitation in quality of sth. by adding valuable another or 一、“假朋友” 问 adulterate occurring be 伪的，假的，冒充的 naturally, esp. as a natural 人工的，人造的 important substance, with typically the intention an inferior tocopy deceive one of 在sth. …… or defraud 中掺杂（掺假） 伪造的，仿造的 题 4. 不顾具体搭配而产生的“假朋友”。 artificial adj. not pseudo made genuine/real, or produced a by thing human that is beings not what rather is claimed than to
pornography book
higher school to cuckold sb.
戴绿帽子
to / have a green bonnet
对等译法
一、“假朋友” 问 题 3. 只对应指称意义而忽略语言差异的“假朋友”。
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
原文
农民 宣传 物美价廉 你红光满面。 他是个“气管炎”
“假 朋 友”
peasant propaganda cheap and good Your face is very red. He suffers from tracheitis.
The practice of giving lavish feasts at wedding can well be dispensed with.
增词译法 二、出于语义和修辞需要的增词
3. 增补注释性词语
清明节 Pure Brightness Festival, a festival when Chinese traditionally pay homage to their ancestors 中国古代的四大发明曾给古代世界的文化发展以巨大的推动。 The Four Inventions in ancient China, namely, paper, printing, the compass and gunpowder, greatly advanced ancient civilization of the world.
第五讲 词法翻译的一般技巧 1
主要内容
对等译法
增词译法
减词译法
对等译法
太阳从东方升起。 The sun rises from the east. 他是只老狐狸。 He is an old fox. 狡兔三窟 成语的对等 a cunning hare has three warrens 无风不起浪 There is no smoke without fire. 那时我二十四岁，新娶了白马镇首富白连元家的 二小姐为妻。 I was twenty-four at the time and had just taken the second daughter of the richest man in Baima, or White Horse Town, Bai Lianluan, as my wife. 句子的对等 谚语的对等 单词的对等
增补介词
增词译法
要形成一种制度，确保领导班子年轻化、知识化、专业 化。 We should institute a system to ensure that a younger, better-educated and more professional leadership is maintained. 他走进屋里，大衣上尽是雪，鼻子冻得通红。 增补做主语的代词
减词译法
减词译法也是很常用的翻译方法。省略可以使译文
不显得累赘、臃肿。但必须要牢记的一点是：省略词
语决不意味着可以随意删节原文的词句，而是必须在 遵守“信”的原则也就是忠实于原文的前提下，去掉 一些冗余的词语，使得译文更加“达”，更加“雅”， 也即是说，“减词不可损意”。
减词译法
一、省略表示范畴的词语
他是在我不知道的情况下拿走它的。 He took it without my knowledge. 在工作中，大家都必须杜绝浪费现象。 We must put an end to waste in our work.
减词译法
二、省略重复的词语
我们从事了10多年的英语教学，教学质量高，教学经验丰富，在世 界各地有成功办学的经验。 We have over ten years of experience in teaching quality English and have successfully managed schools in different parts of the world. 为了推动中美关系发展，中国需要进一步了解美国，美国也需要进 一步了解中国。 To promote the development of China-US relations, China needs to know the US better and vice versa.
He entered the room, his coat covered with snow and his nose red with cold.
扇扇子时我们感到很凉快。 We feel cool when we fan ourselves. 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected.
文句子结构的需要；二是上下文逻辑关系或句子衔接
的需要。
增词译法 一、出于语法需要的增词
冬天是研究树木生长的最好的季节。虽则树叶落了， 树枝光了，但树木本身却是美丽的。 Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful. 中国是一个幅员广大、历史悠久的大国。 China is a great country with a vast territory and a long history. 我们应当逐步消灭城乡差别。 We should gradually eliminate the difference between town and country. 增补冠词
增补物主代词
增补反身代词
增补做宾语的代词
增词译法
金杯牌充气床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造型美观， 款式繁多，舒适大方，携带方便。 The “Golden Cup” Brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology. With novel structure, beautiful shape and various patterns, they are comfortable and convenient to carry. 其实世界上本没有路，走的人多了，也便成了路。 For actually the earth had no roads to begin with, but when many men pass one way, a road is made. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 As long as the green mountains are here, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 增补连词 增补动词
增词译法 二、出于语义和修辞需要的增词
1. 增补原文中暗含的语义。
人民犯了法，也要受处罚，也要坐班房…… When anyone among the people breaks the law, he too should be punished, imprisoned ... 要提倡顾全大局。
password
to fight a fire puppy love
长镜头
方便面 隐形眼镜
long lens
convenience noodles invisible glasses
zoom lens
instant noodles contact lens
对等译法
一、“假朋友” 问 题 2. 只对应字面意义而忽略指称意义的“假朋友”。
假新闻
false news
增词译法
汉语是意合语言，在表达上往往是模糊、笼统和朦
胧的，不把意思说得十分透彻明白；英语属形合语言，
相对于汉语则更精确、严密和清晰。为了使译文忠实 于原文的内容，在汉译英的过程中常常需要增加一些 在汉语中可以忽略不表，但英语中因语法需要而无法 省略的词语。这样做主要基于以下两个原因：一是译
原文
大风 大雾 大雨 假花 假唱 假钞 假酒
“假 朋 友”
big wind big fog big rain false flower false singing false money false wine
正确译文
strong wind
thick fog
heavy rain artificial flower lip-synch counterfeit money adulterated wine pseudo-news
治安措施 security 犯罪现象 crime
整顿工作
紧张局势 分配关系
check-up
tension distribution
经营情况
解决办法 灵活态度
business
solution flexibility
越轨行为
irregularities
摇摆的局面
uncertainties