第四章、主谓一致

第四章主谓一致

主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲。处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一致。

高考重点要求：

1.根据主谓一致的三个原则(语法一致,意义一致，就近一致), 判断和确定句子的主语和

谓语在人称和数上保持一致

2.掌握固定词组作主语,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致

第一节知识点概述

一、语法上的一致

一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：

Learning English is very important.

学习英语是很重要的。

The girl together with her two sisters has left for Nanjing.

Both Bob and Tom are my friends.

但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人，同一类物，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例如：A singer and dancer is going to attend our meeting.

由and连接的并列单数主语前，如果分别有each, every等修饰时，谓语要用单数。

例如：Every boy and every girl was given a present.

Each word and each phrase in the dictionary is important.

二、意义上的一致

主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。

例如：It seems to me that five years is so short a time.

Two hundred dollars was spent on the books.

有些集体名词，如family, group, class等作主语时，作为整体看待，谓语动词要用单数，就其中一个个成员而言，谓语要用复数。

例如：My family is a happy one.

My family are watching TV.

三、就近一致

出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。There be, Here be 句型中动词的单复数必须与后置的第一个主语保持一致。当be后面的主语有两个或两个以上的并列成分时，be动词往往与最邻近的一个一致。

例如：There is an orange, two apples and many bananas on the table.

There are two books and a dictionary on the desk.

两个做主语的名词或代词由either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also等连接时，谓语动词用靠近原则。

例如：Neither you nor I am right.

Not only the students but also the teacher is going to attend the meeting.

但如果用as well as连接两个主语用靠前原则

例如：Mary as well as you is my friend.

第二节实战演练

一、复习时需注意的要点

1、集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数，看作各个成员时，谓语用复数。

例如：His family isn’t large.

His family are all fond of music.

2、些名词如news, maths, physics等虽然有词尾“s”但意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数。

例如：The news is wonderful.

Physics is an interesting subject.

3、由数词+表示重量、里程、时间、金钱等名词所构成的复数名词主语，是当作一个整体

看待的，后面用单数动词。

例如：Five minutes is too short.

Ten dollars is enough.

4、主语后面跟有介词with或together with 引导的短语时，谓语动词一般与前面的主语的

人称和数一致。

例如：The teacher together with ten students is doing an experiment in the lab. 5、主语前有every或each修饰时，无论有几个主语，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Every teacher and every student in our school has been to the Century Park.

二、历届高考试题分析

例1、He is the only one of the students who _______a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is

B. are

C. have been

D. has been

答案为D。

【解析】这是一个定语从句。在one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单

复数形式：one of the students中的先行词是the students，定语从句中的谓语动词要用复

数形式。the only one of the students中的先行词是the only one，定语从句中的谓语动词

要用单数形式。又因“for three years”是完成时的标志。

例2、Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

A. work

B. working

C. is working

D. are working

答案：C

【解析】Professor Smith决定谓语动词的数；his assistants和谓语动词的数无关。

例3、Not only ______interested in football but ______beginning to show an interest in it.

A.the teacher himself is … all his students are

B.the teacher himself is …are all his students

C.is the teacher himself …are all his students