脊柱损伤
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occupation & natural disaster!
Types
Cervical 40% Thoracic 10% Lumbar 3% Dorso lumbar 35% Any 14%
About 5-7% of the total body fractures
spine column
伤后损伤平面以下运动、感觉、括约肌功能完全
丧失,数周自行恢复
脊髓挫伤(contusion of spinal cord)
脊髓出血、水肿
脊髓裂伤(laceration of spinal cord)
脊髓部分或完全断裂
脊髓受压(compression of spinal cord)
脊髓被压迫
Spinal shock
Vertebral number and Cord level
C2 – C7 = add +1 for cord level T1 – T3 = add +1 T4 – T6 = add +2 T7 – T9 = add +3 T10 = L1, L2 level T11 = L3, L4 level L1 = sacro coccygeal segments
Fra Baidu bibliotek
Anterior annular ligament and anterior half of VB.
Middle column – Posterior long. Lig. + Posterior
annular ligament +Posterior half of VB.
Posterior Column – Lig flavum + superior &
后柱
椎体附件及其韧带
Level of Spinal injury
Neurological level is at the most lowest segment with
normal motor & sensory function
Difficult to determine :
- as most muscle efferents receive fibres from more than one level - Closed cord lesions may extend over several cms. - Dermatomes have imprecise boundaries.
Degrees of injury
Complete - flaccid paralysis (弛缓性麻痹)
脊 柱 和 脊 髓 损伤
Spine fracture & spinal cord injury (SCI)
桑宏勋
Gymnast- Sang Lan Sports injury
Outline
Incidence Types Clinical signs Radiological signs Spinal shock Management
Stability of the Fracture
椎 体 骨 折 附 件 骨 折
椎体压缩<1/3(稳定型) 压缩骨折 椎体压缩>1/3(不稳定型)
粉碎 骨折 (不稳定型) 骨折脱位 (不稳定型)
关节突、椎弓根骨折(不稳定型) 棘突、横突、椎板骨折(稳定型)
脊 髓 损 伤 病 理 及 类 型
脊髓休克( Spinal shock )
Incidence
10 - 15 per million 18 - 35 years Male - 3:1 RTA 51% - cars Domestic 16% Industrial 11% Sports 16% - diving incidents Self harm 5%
颈n椎下为颈n+1神经根 胸n椎下为胸n 腰n椎下为腰n 骶n椎下为骶n 神经根 神经根 神经根
Types of bony injury
Flexion 屈 曲型: 前方受压、后方拉开 Extension 伸直型: 前方拉开、后方受 压 Flexion with rotation 屈曲旋转型: 屈曲型基础旋转受力 Compression 垂直压缩型: 前方、后方同时受压
脊椎序数与脊髓节段对应关系:
颈椎1-7 胸椎1.2.3 + 1 颈髓2-8 + 1 胸髓2.3.4
胸椎4.5.6
胸椎7.8.9
+ 2 胸髓6.7.8
+ 3 胸髓10.11.12 —— 骶尾髓
胸椎10.11.12 —— 腰髓1-5
腰椎1
腰椎2以下
—— 马尾神经根
Vertebral body and Spinal Never Root
Cord level
脊 椎 骨
颈椎 7 胸椎 12 腰椎 5 骶锥 5(1) 尾椎 4(1) 33(26) 颈髓 8 胸髓 12 腰髓 5 骶髓 5 尾髓 1 31
Anatomy
脊 髓 节 段
Vertebral body +Annex
Spine anatomy
Anterior column - Anterior longitudinal ligament+
Transient physiological reflex depression of cord function – ‘concussion of spinal cord’(脊髓震荡) Loss anal tone(紧张性), reflexes, autonomic control within 24-72hr Flaccid paralysis (弛缓性麻痹)bladder & bowel and sustained Priapism Lasts even days till reflex neural arcs below the level recovers.
Interspinous lig + intertransverse capsular lig + neural arch + pedicle & spinous process.
Armstrong-Denis Classification
前柱
前纵韧带、椎体及椎间
盘的前半部
中柱
椎体及椎间盘的后半部 及后纵韧带