大学英语四级写作技巧讲课稿

二. 评分原则
• 1. 四级作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷 人员就总的印象给出奖励分，而不是按 语言点的错误数目扣分。
• 2. 从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综 合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作 文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要 通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题， 是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英 语清楚而适切的表达思想，也就是要考 虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
三、四级短文写作
考生要有较坚实的语言功底，具有一定的英 语短文的写作知识，而且也要具备一定的写 作技巧。下面，我们拟就段落写作、书信 写作、图标写作三方面讲解四级短文写作。
段落写作
一．段落的组成 • Baidu Nhomakorabea落大多由三个部分组成： • 主题句(Topic sentence)； • 扩展句（Developing sentences）； • 结尾句(Ending sentence).
大学英语四级写作技巧
要求: 大学英语作文测试要求考生能够运用 学到的语言知识，按规矩的题目要 求，在30分钟内写出一篇120个词左右 的短文，语义连贯，表达正确，无重 大语法错误。题目的内容包括科技， 社会，文化，或日常生活等方面的一 般常识。题目形式多种多样，有提纲 作文，段首句作文，关键词作文，图 表作文，书信作文，和规定情景作文 等。
• 3. 结尾句
结尾句是用一句话对段落的主题进行重 述,评论,或总结,借以强化主题,加深读者的 印象.
English is favored on the following grounds. It is the official language of a number of countries. Of other countries, it is their second language. In still others, English is spoken as their major foreign language. That’s why English is so popular in our present world.
• Autumn is a good season for picnic. The weather is fine and it is not as hot as it is in the summer. People feel cool and comfortable. The scenery is very beautiful with all kinds of flowers here and there. And there are various kinds of fruits. The peasants begin to gather in crops and fruits.
• 二. 段落的基本特征
要写好段落就要清楚段落应具有的基本特征，即
• 统一性(unity)， • 连贯性(coherence)， • 简洁性(conciseness)， • 重点突出(emphasis)， • 用字遣句有变换(variety)
1.段落的统一性
一个段落只有一个主题。组成该段落的所有 句子都应为这个主题服务。任何与主题无关 的内容，任何不能支持段落主题的内容都必 须舍弃。例如：
• 1. 主题句
主题句表明全段是关于什么及讨论什么的段 落中心句，即：明确地表示全段要展开的 中心点,四级短文写作中最好是把主题句放 在段首 。
E.g. Smoking is harmful to people’s health.
• E.g. Smoking is harmful to people’s health. Medical science has now proved that smoking can cause lung cancer and other diseases such as emphysema. Your chances of having a heart attack also increase the more you smoke. Smoking is definitely a health hazard.
• 2. 扩展句
扩展句是用来说明，解释，引申，或论证主题句 所表达的中心思想的句子。
• It is not difficult to make a right choice between buying a house in the low-rise area and buying one in the high-rise area (主题句).If we want to economize and get more personal area, we can choose the low-rise; but if we want to live more comfortably, we will choose the high-rise (扩展句). In a word, the key lies in the alternative of economy and comfort (结尾句).
修改后的段落为：
• Autumn is a good season for picnic. It is easy for people to choose a fine day for an outing because the weather is always nice， neither too hot nor too cold. The scenery is beautiful，too. The red leaves covering the mountains， the wild flowers booming in the fields and colorful fruits hanging on the trees are all pleasant to look at. A picnic in the open air in autumn will certainly be