英语句子的重音和升降调详解

句子重音，升降调 Sentence Stress
and intonation
句子重音的一般规则 实词重读 虚词不重读
名词
一般都重读
There is a 'book on the 'desk. My 'sister 'put up a 'picture on the 'wall. 'John 'wants to 'see the 'teacher after 'class. An 'elephant is an 'animal.
I have 'so many 'things to 'do to'day. 'Few 'people had 'TV 'sets in 'those 'days. The 'key was 'in the 'box.
以上几类通常不重读的动词用于简短回答，或其后省略了主要动词时，要 重读; 用于一般疑问句句首有时重读，但在比较随便的谈话中不必重读
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不重读的动词
助动词
He did 'not work 'hard for the e'xam. We were im'pressed by their a'chievements. 'Much has been 'said a'bout it. They will be sur'prised at 'that.
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冠词一般都不重读
He 'lives in a 'house 'not 'far from the 'school. It's an 'hour‟s 'drive from the 'old 'station. The 'man 'over there is my 'brother. An 'elephant is an 'animal.
He‟s an 'easy person to 'get a'long with. He‟s the 'right man for the 'job. It‟s al'ready 'lunch time.
(比较; It‟s 'time for 'lunch.)
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代词
常重读的代词有 1．指示代词
'This is 'not what I 'mean. 'That 'isn‟t the one I 'asked for. 'Do you 'like (')these 'flowers?
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不重读的代词有：人称代词，反身代词，物主代词（形容词 性），相互代词，关系代词
He 'hasn‟t 'seen my 'brother yet. He 'hurt himself when he was 'playing 'football. They 'often 'help each other. The 'girl who 'spoke to you just 'now is my 'sister.
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副词一般都重读
They 'came 'back 'early 'yesterday. 'Where did you 'buy it? 'Why do you 'come? You 'meet 'people 'everywhere. I‟ve 'never 'heard of 'such a thing be'fore. Per'haps she‟ll ar'rive to'night. 'Tell him to 'come 'in. A 'car 'dashed 'past. 'Thank you for 'coming to 'see me 'off.
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多音节的介词常重读，但也可不重读
I‟ll 'do it (')after 'lunch. He 'finished the 'article (')during the 'holidays. The 'man 'walked a(')long the 'street. He 'searched a(')mong the 'papers. I for'got 'all a(')bout it. I have 'nothing to 'say con(')cerning this 'problem. 'Put it 'opposite the 'door.
但如指示代词前后都有重音时，该指示代词可失去重音
'How do you 'like those 'little ones? 'Who 'wrote this 'interesting 'story?
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2. 名词性物主代词
'Yours is 'much 'nicer than 'mine. The 'red one is 'his.
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一些含义较广，本身没有很确切内容的名词,如thing, person, place, 或指一大类人或事物的名词，如 man, woman, fellow, time, ship,前面有修饰语缩小其范围时，这类名词通常不重读
'That‟s a 'nice thing.
(比较： 'That‟s a 'nice 'picture.)
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但关系副词不重读
He 'visited the 'small 'village where he was 'born. They 'came 'right at the 'time when we 'needed their 'help. 'This is the 'reason why they 'failed.
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介词在句首时常可重读
'On his 'way 'home he 'met an 'old 'friend. 'In the 'room they 'found a 'little 'boy. 'Under the 'tree 'stands a 'tall man.
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连接词 单一的并列连接词（包括关联连接词both … and neither…nor等）和从属连词都不重读
(')Have you any 'brothers and 'sisters? 'Yes, I 'have. (')Are you a 'student? 'Yes, I 'am. (')Can you 'come this after'noon? Yes, I 'can. He 'said 'more than he 'should at the 'meeting. I 'don‟t want to 'go there, but I 'must.
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在不重读的连系动词be或人称代词后， 不论是单音节或多音节介词都重读
They‟re 'by the 'window. He was 'in the 'sitting-room. Is it 'near the 'post office? The 'teacher was 'with us at the 'picnic. It was 'during the 'interval. He was be'side himself with 'rage. They are be'hind the 'door.
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形容词（包括分词作形容词）一般都应重读 数词一般都应重读
The 'streets are 'wide, 'clean and 'beautiful. 'This 'narrow 'valley was the 'scene of a 'famous 'battle. His 'first daughter is fif'teen. It‟s a 'dull and disap'pointing film. 'That‟s ex'citing news. The 'worried man 'entered the 'crowded 'street. He 'bought 'ten 'cups and 'I bought only 'four.
I 'don’t want to 'go there to'day. He 'wasn’t sur'prised when I 'told him the 'news. We 'can’t 'stay any 'longer. 'Don’t you think you 'shouldn’t say 'such things? We must 'do it 'now, 'mustn’t we?
非限定动词一般也都要重读 不定式
分词
动名词
We de„cided to ‟start the „next ‟day. We 'sat at the 'desk 'writing a 'letter. It‟s 'no 'use 'asking him about 'that.
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助动词和情态动词与not构成的缩略式要重读
情态动词
He should be 'criticized for 'doing 'that. 'Mary could 'do it 'better than 'Herbert. I must 'go 'now. 'Who can 'answer this 'question?
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动词 be(是),have(有)一般不重读
cannot不缩写成can‟t 时，重音也在can 上
I 'cannot agree 'with him.
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Do 用于肯定句中表示强调时，总是重读的
I 'do hope 'this will be ef'fective. He 'does need your 'help. We 'did warn you be'fore. 'Do 'drop 'in when you are in 'Xuzhou.
介词
单音节介词一般都不重读
'All but 'one of the 'family are at 'home. 'How 'far is it from 'Paris to 'London? 'What are you 'looking at? 'That‟s what I was 'thinking of.
但在双重所有格中，物主代词往往不重读
I‟m 'writing to a 'friend of mห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ne.
3. 强调代词
I 'saw it my'self. The 'man him'self 'told me so.
4．疑问代词
'Who are you 'talking to? 'What can I 'do for you? 'Who 'came to 'see you this 'morning?
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动词 主要动词，或称实意动词、行为动词（notional verb）都要重读 (be、have 除外)
He „takes a ‟walk after „supper ‟every „day. ‟Don‟t for„get your ‟homework. I sup„pose you ‟know him.
He 'came and 'spoke to us. I 'saw it but 'didn‟t 'read it. 'Let‟s 'run or we‟ll be 'late. 'That 'takes both 'time and 'energy. Neither 'you nor 'I can 'solve the 'problem. I sug'gest that we 'give 'up the 'plan. He was 'angry with me because I was 'late. The pro'fessor was 'busy 'writing when I 'went to 'see him.
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We 'took the 'taxi to the 'station so (that) we could be in 'time for the 'train. She 'didn‟t ar'range the 'chairs as I 'told her. 'Put it where it can 'easily be 'seen. He 'wants to 'see you before you 'leave. She in'sisted on 'going, though I 'told her 'not to. They were disap'pointed whereas 'we were de'lighted. You 'can‟t under'stand it until you 'read it to the 'end.