新编大学英译汉教程-分译

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短语分译是指把原文中的一Baidu Nhomakorabea短语分 译成一个句子。通常名词短语、不定式 短语、分词短语、介词短语等都可以分 译成句。
2、短语分译
名词短语分译
(1)I'd always welcomed the friendly sound of my brother's voice calling from Maryland,but this time his words jolted(使 震惊) me as I stood with the kitchen phone to my ear. 译:我一直非常喜欢接到远在马里兰州的弟弟打 来的电话,他的声音是那么亲切。然而这一次我 站在厨房里接到他电话的时候,他的话却让我惊 讶不已。
(2)The addition of manganese(锰)to steel produces a fine grain(颗粒) substance which has greater toughness(韧 性) an ductility(延展性). 译:钢中加锰可形成细晶粒物质,这种物质有更 好的韧性和塑性。(在which引导的从句处切分) (3)This shining flowerpot holder stood importantly in the west window of the parlor (客厅),where it caught the late-afternoon sun and sent brilliant circles of light spilling (溢出,流出) onto the walls and ceiling. 译:那只光亮的花盆托盘放在客厅西窗窗台上, 十分显眼。下午稍晚的时候,阳光照在花盆托盘 上,花盆托盘就把耀眼的光圈投射到四周的墙壁 和天花板上。(在where引导的从句前切分)
(2)Friday night,in my New Jersey family,was"bowling(保龄球) night",and I sitll recall once asking my mom if we could go out for pizza one Friday. 译:在我们新泽西州的家里,每周星期五晚上是 “保龄球之夜”。我仍记得有一次,我问妈妈我 们能不能哪个周五去吃比萨饼。(在连词and处 切分) (3)NEC(日本电气公司) says it has designed the robot 5 to be "cute".It can doze off(打瞌睡)and talks in its sleep,and will start dancing and playing music if it is patted. 译:日本电气公司称已设计出一种小巧可爱的机 器人5号。它会打瞌睡,说梦话。要是你拍它一 下,它便开始跳舞和演奏音乐。(在and前切分)
分词短语分译
(1)Being a gas,carbon monoxide (一氧化碳) very easily permeates (渗透,透过) through the lumps(块, 块状) of iron oxide(氧化铁). 译:一氧化碳是气体,很容易渗入氧化 铁。 (2)Bulit in 1192,the bridge is over 700 hundred years old. 译:这座桥是1192年修建的,已经有七 百多年的历史了。
(2)At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middleground reply. 译:现在,人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的 态度来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。 (3)As a secret training base for a new plane,it was an excellent site,its remoteness effectively masking its activity. 译:作为新型飞机的秘密训练基地它是很 理想的:地处边陲,不易发现。
不定式短语分译
(1)To find the hottest and coldest parts of the solar system on Mercury is quite strange. 译:人们发现太阳系中最冷处和最热处都在 水星上,这是颇为奇怪的。 (2)Several theories of atomic structure were produced when the electron(电子) was discovered,only to be discarded when more information about the atom was obtained. 译:发现电子之后提出了几种原子结构学说, 随着资料增多,都被抛弃了。
(2)The intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and unmistakable,and the transfer must take immediate and permanet effect. 译:直接赠与的意向必须明白无误,转让行 为必须立即产生效力,且该效力应具有永久 性。 (3)Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rates. 译:温度低,生长速度就慢。
分译
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英语句子的修饰语既多且长,句子结构复 杂,特别是长句,宛如“参天大树、枝叶横 生”;而汉语句子的修饰语则较少且短,句子 结构呈直线型发展,宛如“万顷碧波,层层推 进”。因此,英译汉时不可亦步亦趋、死译硬 译,而必须根据汉语的表达特点,灵活处理。 分译就是一种常用的灵活处理方法。所谓分译 就是指根据汉语的句法特点,把英语的句子分 解成两个或两个以上的单位,以求译文在正确 传达原文的思想内容的前提下明白晓畅。分译 通常包括单词分译、短语分译和句子分译三种 情况。 分译的原则:分形不分意
形容词分译
(1)Amelia Sedley is a pretty,gentle and unintelligent creature. 译:艾米莉亚· 赛德利人虽漂亮温顺,但天 资却不高。
(2)Alchemists(炼金术士) made resultless efforts to transform one metal into another. 译:炼金术士试图把一种金属变为另一种金 属,完全是徒劳。
并列复合句的分译
(1)The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted in the racially conscious 19th century America and some white workers unsettled(使心神不宁) by their appearance in large numbers. 译:在种族意识十分强烈的19世纪的美国,招 募中国劳工的做法并非普遍为人们所接受。由 于工地上出现大批中国劳工,某些白人工人感 到心绪不宁。(在连词and处切分)
副词分译
(1)The Chinese seemed justifiably (justifiable有道理的,有理由的) proud of their economic achievement. 译:中国人似乎为他们经济上取得的成就而 自豪,这是合乎情理的。 (2)This is a NATO matter and any comment on it should appropriately come from NATO. 译:这是北约组织的问题,关于这个问题的 任何意见,都应由北约组织发表,这才是适 宜的。
1、单词分译
英语的个别单词令译者棘手,若单独 照译,翻译腔十足;若不译出,又损原意。 此时,要依照句意,译成一个小句。采用 单词分译是为了句法上的需要,也是为了 修饰上的需要,如加强语气,突出重点等。 能分译成句的单词,多为副词和形容词, 动词和名词有时也可以分译。
名词分译
(1)It was morning,and the new sun sparkled gold across the ripples(涟漪, 波纹) of the gentle sea. 译:清晨,初升的太阳照着平静的海面,微 波荡漾,闪耀着金色的光芒。
长句的分译
(1)Manufacturing(制造,生产) process may be classified as unit production(单件 生产) with small quantities being made and mass production(批量生产) with large numbers of identical(相同的)parts being produced. 译:制造过程可分为单件生产和批量生产。单 件生产指少量的生产,批量生产指大量相同零 件的生产。
(2)I found the whole family assembled(聚 集) when I arrived;they were sitting in the great old kitchen with its stone foolr,Mrs Meadows in her usual chair by the fire,very upright(正直的,笔直的),and I was amused to see that she had put on her best silk dress,while her son and his wife sat at the table with their children. 译:我到达时,发现他们一家人聚在一起。他们 坐在铺着石块地板的又大又旧的厨房里。梅多斯 夫人坐在她经常坐的那把火炉边的椅子上,腰板 子挺直。我饶有兴趣地发现她穿上了她最好的真 丝衣衫。她的儿子,儿媳与他们的孩子们一起坐 在桌子前边。(原文含有并列句、从属从句等)
介词短语分译
(1)Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.009. 译:氢是最轻的元素,原子量为1.008。
(2)Several blocks from the park,running parallel(平行的,类似的) to it,Clement Street bustles(喧闹,忙 乱) like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants. 译:离公园几个街区便是与公园平行的卡莱 门特街,那儿有几十家民族餐馆,热闹得如 同第二个唐人街。
主从复合句分译
(1)And all this was done in the heart of a crowded city with very little storage space,so that the arrival of each part had to be scheduled to the minute,and the construction work so organized that there was no delay and no one got in another's way. 译:一切都在某个拥挤的城市中进行。贮料空 间非常小,所以每次进料的时间分秒不差;工 地进度也是如此,不容拖延,互不相碍。
3、句子分译
句子分译可分为简单句的分译、并列复合 句的分译、主从复合句的分译及长句的分译。
简单句的分译
(1)His wealth enables him to do everything. 译:他有钱,什么事都能干。 (2)This rare and fabulous bird is unique. 译:该鸟系珍稀禽类,天下无双。 (3)His contemptuous(轻蔑的) attitude towards us is contemptible(可鄙的). 译:他以蔑视的态度对待我们,这种态度是可鄙的。
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