第五章_被动语态的翻译
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二 被动语态的翻译
英语和汉语都有被动句，但英语被动句使用频率 远远高于汉语，而且二者在用法上也有较大区别： 英语被动句由于可以避免指出动作的执行者，因 而常常用来表示比较客观的态度，论述客观的事 实，因而多用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍 及景物描写等；汉语被动句主要用来表示已经发 生的不愉快的事实。由于存在这种差异，英译汉 时英语的被动句并不都能译成汉语的被动句。主 要有以下几种译法：
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参考译文
1.许多盆地都是由于地壳陷落而形成的。 2.这个项目提前完工了。 3.有人认为，生物气候学生一门复杂的学科。 4.对一个企业进行大量投资的决定不会轻易作出。 非语言交流，尤其是触摸，在满足个人需要方面有着十分 重要的作用。孩子们需要通过触摸来感受关爱。在紧张焦 虑的时候，你会抚摸自己的胳膊或脖子来进行自我安慰。
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（三）保持被动语态
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1.译成“被……”或“给……”结构 1) If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately. 如果方案被批准，这项工程将立即开工。 2) He was seen to steal the bike. 他偷自行车给人家看到了。 3) She was fired for incompetence. 她因不胜任工作而被解雇了。
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4.增加适当主语以便译文更流畅 1）To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again. 为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。 2）Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals. 大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。 3) It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health. 众所周知，吸烟对人体有害。
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3.译成汉语“是......的”结构 1) The picture was painted by Tom. 这幅画是汤姆画的。 2）The house was built of wood in 1985. 这座房子是1985年用木头修建的。 3) The volume is not measured in square millimeters. It is measured in cubic millimeters. 体积不是以平方毫米计量的，而是以立方毫米计量的。
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（四）译成其他结构
1）The villege is populated by about 1300 famers. 这个村里住着1300农民。 2) Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter. 大多数树木冬天要落叶。 3) The news was passed on by word of mouth. 众口相传，消息已不胫而走。 4）She was delivered of a boy. 她生了一个男孩。 5) He was told that two of them seemed unlikely to make the grade. 他已得知他们中有两个人好像不能及格。 6）She and her husband have been asked out for the banquet. 她和丈夫应邀赴宴去了。 7）He has been wedded to translation. 他与翻译结下了不解之缘。 8）She did not wish to be troubled. 她不愿找麻烦。
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Exercises
1.Many basins were formed by the subsidence of the earth’s crust. 2.The project was completed ahead of schedule. 3.It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject. 4.The decision to invest heavily in an enterprise was not taken lightly. 5.Nonverbal communication, particularly touch, plays a large role in satisfying personal needs. Children need touch as a demonstration that they are cared for and loved. In times of stress and anxiety, you will stroke your arms or neck as a way of soothing yourself.
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（二）被动结构转换为无主句
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1) The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to. 必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。 2) Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. 已经注意到采取防腐措施。 3) Best surface finish is provided by machining methods, especially by grinding. 用机械加工方法，特别是磨削方法，可以获得最佳表面光 洁度。
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参考译文 由于石油深埋地下，靠研究地面，不能确定石油的有无。 因此对地下岩层结构必须进行地质探测。如果认为某地区 的岩层含石油，则在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的 部件叫“井架”。井架用来吊升分节油管，把油管放入由 钻头打出的孔中。当孔钻成时，放钢管防止孔壁坍塌。如 果发现石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，让石油通过一系 列阀门流出。
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2.译成“遭……”或“受……”结构 1）She was set upon by two masked men. 她遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。 2) Everyone was fed up with her gossip. 人人都受够了她的流言蜚语。 3) The region was visited by the worst drought in twenty years. 这个地区遭受到了二十年来最严重的旱灾。
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Passage Translation
As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valve.
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（一）被动语态变主动语态
1.原来的主语保持不变 1）The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天之内全国武装起来了。 2ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱThe sense of inferiority that he acquired in his younth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还远远没有完全消除。 3）After several rounds of talk,an agreement was finally arrived at. 经过几轮谈判之后，协议终于达成了。
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3.译成“为……所”结构 1）Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency. 这种行为将会为一切有良知的人所蔑视。 2) All the building were destroyed in a big fire. 所有的建筑物均为一场大火所焚毁。 3）Only a small part of the sun’s energy reaching the earth is used by us. 传到地球的太阳能只有一小部分为我们所利用。
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2.原宾语变为主语 1)By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization. 大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。 2）A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。 3）Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world. 全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。
二 被动语态的翻译
英语和汉语都有被动句，但英语被动句使用频率 远远高于汉语，而且二者在用法上也有较大区别： 英语被动句由于可以避免指出动作的执行者，因 而常常用来表示比较客观的态度，论述客观的事 实，因而多用于科技文章、新闻报道、书刊介绍 及景物描写等；汉语被动句主要用来表示已经发 生的不愉快的事实。由于存在这种差异，英译汉 时英语的被动句并不都能译成汉语的被动句。主 要有以下几种译法：
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参考译文
1.许多盆地都是由于地壳陷落而形成的。 2.这个项目提前完工了。 3.有人认为，生物气候学生一门复杂的学科。 4.对一个企业进行大量投资的决定不会轻易作出。 非语言交流，尤其是触摸，在满足个人需要方面有着十分 重要的作用。孩子们需要通过触摸来感受关爱。在紧张焦 虑的时候，你会抚摸自己的胳膊或脖子来进行自我安慰。
Company Logo
（三）保持被动语态
Company Logo
1.译成“被……”或“给……”结构 1) If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately. 如果方案被批准，这项工程将立即开工。 2) He was seen to steal the bike. 他偷自行车给人家看到了。 3) She was fired for incompetence. 她因不胜任工作而被解雇了。
Company Logo
4.增加适当主语以便译文更流畅 1）To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again. 为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭。 2）Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals. 大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。 3) It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health. 众所周知，吸烟对人体有害。
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3.译成汉语“是......的”结构 1) The picture was painted by Tom. 这幅画是汤姆画的。 2）The house was built of wood in 1985. 这座房子是1985年用木头修建的。 3) The volume is not measured in square millimeters. It is measured in cubic millimeters. 体积不是以平方毫米计量的，而是以立方毫米计量的。
Company Logo
（四）译成其他结构
1）The villege is populated by about 1300 famers. 这个村里住着1300农民。 2) Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter. 大多数树木冬天要落叶。 3) The news was passed on by word of mouth. 众口相传，消息已不胫而走。 4）She was delivered of a boy. 她生了一个男孩。 5) He was told that two of them seemed unlikely to make the grade. 他已得知他们中有两个人好像不能及格。 6）She and her husband have been asked out for the banquet. 她和丈夫应邀赴宴去了。 7）He has been wedded to translation. 他与翻译结下了不解之缘。 8）She did not wish to be troubled. 她不愿找麻烦。
Company Logo
Exercises
1.Many basins were formed by the subsidence of the earth’s crust. 2.The project was completed ahead of schedule. 3.It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject. 4.The decision to invest heavily in an enterprise was not taken lightly. 5.Nonverbal communication, particularly touch, plays a large role in satisfying personal needs. Children need touch as a demonstration that they are cared for and loved. In times of stress and anxiety, you will stroke your arms or neck as a way of soothing yourself.
Company Logo
Company Logo
（二）被动结构转换为无主句
Company Logo
1) The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to. 必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。 2) Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. 已经注意到采取防腐措施。 3) Best surface finish is provided by machining methods, especially by grinding. 用机械加工方法，特别是磨削方法，可以获得最佳表面光 洁度。
Company Logo
参考译文 由于石油深埋地下，靠研究地面，不能确定石油的有无。 因此对地下岩层结构必须进行地质探测。如果认为某地区 的岩层含石油，则在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的 部件叫“井架”。井架用来吊升分节油管，把油管放入由 钻头打出的孔中。当孔钻成时，放钢管防止孔壁坍塌。如 果发现石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，让石油通过一系 列阀门流出。
Company Logo
2.译成“遭……”或“受……”结构 1）She was set upon by two masked men. 她遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。 2) Everyone was fed up with her gossip. 人人都受够了她的流言蜚语。 3) The region was visited by the worst drought in twenty years. 这个地区遭受到了二十年来最严重的旱灾。
Company Logo
Passage Translation
As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valve.
Company Logo
（一）被动语态变主动语态
1.原来的主语保持不变 1）The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天之内全国武装起来了。 2ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱThe sense of inferiority that he acquired in his younth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还远远没有完全消除。 3）After several rounds of talk,an agreement was finally arrived at. 经过几轮谈判之后，协议终于达成了。
Company Logo
3.译成“为……所”结构 1）Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency. 这种行为将会为一切有良知的人所蔑视。 2) All the building were destroyed in a big fire. 所有的建筑物均为一场大火所焚毁。 3）Only a small part of the sun’s energy reaching the earth is used by us. 传到地球的太阳能只有一小部分为我们所利用。
Company Logo
2.原宾语变为主语 1)By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization. 大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人。 2）A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. 电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。 3）Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world. 全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。