雅思——英语句子结构分析(学生版)

I saw him going upstairs.
动名词 doing
They found the house broken in.
done 过去分词
Tips: 宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构
Practice： (The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo.
能使句子的意义完整。
They elected me captain of the team. 名词
We try to make our country strong. 形容词
We found everything in good order there. 介词短语
I should advise you to get the chance. to do 不定式
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在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：
1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
主语 系
表语
2）The city will become rich.
主语
系
表
“变化”类：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn
代词 /序数词/ to do 不定式
China is a developing country.
动名词 doing
I have nothing to eat.
To do 不定式
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.
句子
状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
“感官”类: Feel, smell, sound, taste.
“持续”类：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.
其他：（似乎）Appear, look, seem.
I. 常用作连系动词： ① 变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀：好是 come，坏是 go;天气、外貌慢慢 grow; 流水、金钱缓缓 run;颜色、天气大不同 turn；Get\ become 口语化，如果要说就用它. 口诀解读： Come 一般表示事物由坏变好，结果是好的。 如：Dreams come true. 梦想成真。 Go 一般表示事物由好变坏，结果是不好的。 如：It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了，菜都馊了。 Grow 表示逐渐变化，强调的是缓慢变化的过程，后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。 如：I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。 Run 与 grow 是对应的，其主语多为能流动，能消耗的东西。 如：Still water runs deep.静水深流。 Turn 多接表示颜色和天气的形容词，侧重于表达与之前大不相同。
The best fish swim near the bottom. 地点状语
I left the village five years ago. 时间状语
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I arrived late because of the traffic jam . 原因状语
We'll send a car to fetch you. 目的状语
雅思——英语句子结构分析
第一讲 英语句子结构分析
教学重点： 1：掌握句子成分
2：掌握五种基本句型 3：了解除 Be 以外的其他四种系动词。 4：能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。
I. 根据结构划分： ①简单句
S+V（主+谓） S+V+P(主+系+表) S+V+O（主Baidu Nhomakorabea谓+宾） S+V+ O1 十 O2（主+谓+间宾+直宾） S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补）
代词 pron.
Do you mind opening the window? 动名词 doing
He wants to dream a nice dream.
To do 不定式
We need know what others are doing.
句子
We should care more about our friends. 介词+名词 定语 是修饰名词 n.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句作
to do不定式
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings
句子
宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在动词或动词短语之后。
介词后也会跟宾语。
She covered her face with her hands.
名词 n.
We haven't seen her for a long time.
祈使句
感叹句
一、句子成分
句子的成分主要有：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语，其中，主语、谓
语、宾语、宾语补足语是句子的主干，定语、状语是句子的“枝叶”） 主语：
Walls have ears.
名词
He will take you to the hospital.
代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词
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二．陈述句（肯定、否定） I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。
三．疑问句
1.一般疑问句
----Is this seat taken?
------ Yes, it is/ No, it isn’t.
需要用 yes 或 no 来回答。
2.特殊疑问句
»»when did you begin to study English?
Who's that? It's me.
代词 pron.
Everything here is expensive.
形容词 adj.
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The story of my life may be of help to others.
介词短语
Three times five is fifteen.
数词
His plan is to seek work in the city.
1. 提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。
2. 不用 Yes 或 no 来回答。
四．祈使句：
1. 用以表示请求，命令，劝告，建议等语气的句子。
2. 主语 You 常省略，只以动词原形开头。
3. 一般没有时态变化，不与情态动词连用。
Don’t judge a person by its appearance.
(The happy) child went (his) home yesterday.
请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分
1）I have two elder sisters.
3) Do you go to school every day?
2) They don't swim very well.
4) I really want a cup of tea.
To see is to believe.
to do 不定式
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
doing 动名词
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 谓语
句子
由动词/动词短语担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
The box is so heavy that I can’t move it. 结果状语
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. 伴随状语
If he goes, so will I . 条件状语
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. 让步状语 宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才
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如：The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天树变绿了，花开了。 Get\become 在口语表达时用得比较多，但这二者相比，become 相对正式些，其主语既可以是人也可以 是物。如：He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息，他变得很生气。总之，不管英语多么 “变”化多端，万“变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人交流，所以多在交流中使用这 些“变化”词，才能真正掌握其内涵。 系词 be 它有三，am is are ， 我（I）用 am，you（你）用 are，is 用于他她它；单数 is，复数 are， ② 保持某种状态：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay. ③ 看起来，好像：Appear, look, seem. ④ 感官动词：Feel, smell, sound, taste.
»»You began to study English.
»What do you like to do in your spare time.
» I like to watch some movies.
3. 选择疑问句：
Do you like tea or（do you like）coffee？
Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?
3. How 结构主要有： A. How+形容词/副词+主谓部分 How lovely the boy is! How fast the time flies! B. How +形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主谓部分 How lovely a boy he is!
六、句子结构 1．简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 （主流句型，主要结构会使用就可以了。） 五种简单的基本句型
定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。
They are women workers.
名词
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.
名词所有格
Mary is a beautiful girl..
形容词 adj.
This is her first trip to Europe.
He speaks Chinese.
You lives in Qingdao Shangdong province.
She must pass this exam. 表语
它的位置在系动词、连系动词之后。是用来说明主语的性质，特征，状态的.
My father is a professor.
名词 n.
说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语
②并列句 and, but, or ③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同）
副词从句（状语从句） 形容词从句（定语从句）
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II. 根据功能划分： 陈述句
疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反义疑问句，）
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2．主语 + 谓语（不及物动词）
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意思，不需要宾语及补语，但后可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语
1) Building has started. 2) The sun rose. 3) Who cares? 4) The train leaves at 7:40. 5) What he said does not matter. 6) They talked for half an hour. （动词介词搭配） 7) The pen writes smoothly （动词副词搭配） 8) The girl looked at the picture. （动词介词搭配）
Let’s have a rest.
五．感叹句：
1. 主要由 what 和 how 来引导。
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2. What 结构主要有三种 A． What a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分！ What a lovely boy he is! B. What + 形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分！ What foolish mistakes you have made. What nice weather (it is)! C. What + a(n) +可数名词单数！