Grammar in use-过去完成时与将来完成时

16种时态总结
• 时间状语 • Before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
• 他说他以前学过一些英语。 • He said that he had learned some English before. • 爱迪生十二岁时，已经独自谋生了。 • By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. • 汤姆很失望，在他到达晚会时，大多数宾客已经走 了。 • Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
• 过去完成时 • Before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as • 过去进行时 • This morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from
nine to ten, last evening, when, while. • 将来进行时 • Soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in 2
• 我是一名学生。我过着快乐的生活。 • I am a student. I am living a happy life. • 我生于富有家庭，但我现在很穷。 • I was born in a rich family, but I am very poor now.
• I don't really work here, I _____ until the new secretary arrives. • Just help out • Have just helped out • Am just helping out • Will just help out •C • -- Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. • -- _____ . • I don't • I won't • I can't • I haven't •B
• Concept
• shall+have+过去分词用于第一人称，will+have+ 过去分词用于其他人称。 • 状态完成： 表示某事继续到将来某一时刻为止一 直有的状态。 • 到那时他们将已结婚二十年了。 • They will have been married for 20 years by then. • 动作完成： 表示将来某一时刻或这另一个将来的 动作之前，已经完成的动作或者获得的经验。 • 明天这个时候你将已经到上海了。 • You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
• -- _____ the sports meet might be put off. • -- Yes, it all depends on the weather. • I've been told • I've told • I'm told • I told •A • I don't think Jim saw me; he _____ into space. • Just stared • Was just staring • Has just stared • Had just stared •B
• 表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。
• 我们原本以为你回来，但结果你没来。 • We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
bus.
• 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 • 他说明天他有时间，他会来帮助我们的。 • He said that when he had time tomorrow, he would come to
help us. • 当两个动作紧接时，第一个动作可用一般过去时代替过去完成时，
• 英语中的16种时态 • 一般现在时 He works. • 一般过去时 He worked. • 一般将来时 He will work (I/we shall). • 过去将来时 He would work (I/we should work). • 现在完成时 He has worked. • 过去完成时 He had worked. • 现在进行时 He is working. • 过去进行时 He was working.
days, tomorrow evening.
• 从句与主句时态要呼应 • 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。 • 要是你有空，来看看我一下。 • On condition that you are free, come to visit me. • 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来时。 • 公共汽车停下后，你就可以下车了。 • When the bus has stopped, you will be able to get off the
• If a man _____ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. • Will • Is to • Is going to • Should •B • Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home. • Has left; comes • Left; had come • Had left; came • Had left; would come •C
但最好用完成时。 • 他一进来就开始下雨。 • No sooner had he come in than it began to rain. • No sooner did he come in than it began to rain.
• 在写作时，上下文要呼应。如要转换时态，最好加时间状语。
• 决定时态的方法
• 看时间状语 • 他目前已经读完15篇小说了。 • He has read 15 novels so far. • 他前几天读过15篇小说。 • He read 15 novels the other day.
• 一般现在时
• Every, sometimes, at, on Sunday. • 一般过去时
• When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents.
• Expected • Was expecting • Was expected • Would be expected •C • -- Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it. • -- It's 9568442 • Didn't • Couldn't • Don't • Can't •A
Grammar in Use
过去完成时与将来完成时
• Concept
• 1. 表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的某种影响或结果，用来指定 在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件。
• 2. 句中的动作发生在过去之前（过去的过去），即过去完成时动作 发生在过去的过去。
• 其构成是had+过去分词。
• Usage
• 现在完成进行时 He has been working. • 过去完成进行时 He had been working. • 将来完成时 He will have worked. • 过去将来完成时 He would have worked. • 将来进行时 He will be working. • 过去将来进行时 He would be working. • 将来完成进行时 He will have been working. • 过去将来完成进行时 He would have been working.
• I need one more stamp before my collection _____ . • Has completed • Completes • Has been completed • Is completed •D • Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _____ home. • Wrote • Will write • Have written • Write •D
• Yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
• 一般将来时
• Next, tomorrow, in. • 现在完成时
• For, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, until, up to now, in the past few years, always, recently.
• 在toຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidud, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后 的宾语从句。 • 她说她从未去过巴黎。 • She said that she had never been to Paris.
• 状语从句 • 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用 过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 • 当警察到达时，小偷已经逃跑了。 • When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.