禽呼肠弧

免疫抑制 / 法氏囊淋巴组织丢失（挑选的呼肠孤病毒）
Immunity I 免疫性I
birds have an age resistance, most susceptible are young chicks 禽类对该病有年龄抵抗性，小鸡最容易受到该病毒的侵害
vaccination of the parent flocks:
耐受普通浓度的消毒剂（如PH3, 3%的福尔马林）
sensitive to 70% ethanol, 0.5% organic iodine, 5% hydrogen peroxide
对70%酒精，0.5%有机碘制剂，5%过氧化氢都敏感
isolates are sensitive to trypsin don‘t replicate well in the intestinal tract
屠宰场的废弃率增加（骨胳变形、发育不良、严重皮 炎、关节炎和肌腱炎）
Pathogenesis 发病机理
incubation period: 1 to 13 days (dependent on route of exposure) 潜伏期： 1-13天（依赖于暴露途径）
morbidity up to 100%; mortality usually less than 10% 发病率高达100%；死亡率通常低于10%
Associated with a number of poultry diseases, best diagnosed is viral arthritis / tenosynovitis
与很多禽病有关，最常被诊断的是 病毒性关节炎和腱鞘炎
Etiology I 病原学I
resistant to heat (60°C /140°F for 8-10 hours) 耐热（ 60°C /140°F水中能存活 8-10小时）
感染后不久⇒病毒血症；所有器官被感染；在肠道、脾、肌腱和呼 吸道测的滴度高
long time virus persistence in the ceacal tonsils and hock joints; intermitting spread possible ⇒ especially virulent strains are sometimes hard to eradicate
poor food conversion, poor growth rate 饲料转化率差、生长速度缓慢
increased condemnation in slaughterhouse (bone deformation, underdevelopment, deep dermatitis, joint/tendons i病有关，如吸收不良综合症（MAS）、小鸡肠 炎和死亡综合症，心脏的感染（心包炎、心肌炎、心包积水）
Clinical findings and post mortem I 临床症状和病理剖检I
Viral arthritis / tenosynovitis
病毒性关节炎和腱鞘炎
lameness 跛行
swelling of tendons, tendon sheaths and /or joints of the legs
肌腱、腱鞘和/或腿部关节水肿 rupture of gastrocnemius tendon ⇒ legs can not be extended anymore
腓肠肌腱鞘断裂（腿再也不能伸展）
大多数感染鸡不表明临床症状
at least 11 serotypes 至少有11种血清型
considerable cross neutralization among heterologous types 在不同血清型间有着一定程度的交叉保护
Etiology III 病原学II
Strain classification:
毒株分类
- S1133 shows a considerable cross protection and is
- used in many inactivated Reo vaccines; originally isolated from a case of viral arthritis S1133株显示一定程度的交叉保护性，在很多的REO灭活苗中使用 ，最初分离自病毒性关节炎病例。
long survival in environment(22°C/72°F for 48-51weeks) 在环境中存活时间长（22 °C / 72°F能存活48-51周)
Resitant to common disinfectant concentration (pH3, 3% formalin)
Clinical findings and post mortem II 临床症状和病理剖检II
Other signs from suspected involvement of REO
怀疑到与REO病毒有关其他症状
Stunting
生长障碍
Enteritis
肠炎
sudden death
猝死
abnormal feathering (helicopter disease) 羽毛异常(直升飞机病)
Avian
Respiratory Enteric Orphan
Virus
禽 呼肠弧 病毒
Karsten Augustinski LAH Cuxhaven
China, March 2009 罗曼动保，库克汉文
中国 . 2009年3月
Definition Avian Reovirus 禽呼肠弧病毒的定义
父母代鸡群的免疫
⇒ protection of the DOC via maternal antibodies 通过母源抗体保护1日龄雏鸡
⇒ reduced virus transmission via the egg 减少病毒的卵传
although different strains can be distinguished by serological techniques, there is certain level of cross protection ⇒ efficacious vaccination with one strain, produces good protection, combination of strains with different signs will lead to a broader immunity
acute and chronic respiratory disease
急性和慢性呼吸道疾病
bone deformation (femoral head necrosis) 骨变形（股骨头坏死）
Immunodepression / bursal lymphoid depletion (selected reoviruses)
鸡和火鸡（鸭子和鹅）的呼肠孤病毒感染，具有经济重要性 age resistance: Infection in older birds causes less problems as in day old chicks
年龄抗性：年龄较大的鸡感染引起的问题较年龄较小鸡的要少 heavy breed develop clinical signs more often
病毒在附关节和盲肠扁桃体持续存在；可能中断传播 ⇒ 特别是强毒 株有时难以根除。
Economic Importance 经济重要性
moderate primary mortality, but increased losses due to culling
死亡率不高，但淘汰是主要经济埙失增加的原因。
分离物对胰岛素敏感，不能在肠道很好地复制
Etiology II 病原学II
classification according to serologic features or pathogenic potential 根据血清学特征和致病潜力分类 great variation in pathogenicity within similar antigenic isolates 抗原性相似的分离物之间致病性有很大差异。 most infected birds show no clinical signs
尽管不同毒株能通过血清学方法加以鉴别，但不同毒之间株存在 一定水平的交叉保护 ⇒ 用一种毒株进行有效免疫接种，可产生保护， 用引起不同疾病症状的毒株制备的多价苗免疫将提供更为广泛的保护
- 3005 isolated from a case of brittle bone disease 3005株分离自脆骨病病例。
Hosts 宿主
Reo virus isolated from many avian species 呼肠孤病毒在很多鸟类品种中存在
economically important is REO virus infection in chicken and turkeys (ducks and geese)
- Strains 1733 (VA,MAS, mortality) and 2408 (MAS,VA) have shown to be more pathogenic; used also in many vaccines due to high antibody response and to broadening the protective immunity 已证明1733株和2408株的致病性更强，由于产生高水平抗体应答并 提供广泛的保护性免疫力而被用于许多疫苗中。
通过摄取粪便在鸡与鸡间水平传播；通过呼吸道感染的重要性较小
vertical transmission usually in a low rate but important for epidemiology of disease
垂直传播的比例通常很低，但对疾病的流行很重要
shortly after infection ⇒ viraemia; all organs are affected; high titres in intestines, spleen, tendons and respiratory tract
frequent findings of virus in tendons，often microscopic inflammatory process in tendons without gross lesions
在肌腱中经常能分离到病毒，通常在肌腱中有细微炎症过程而无大体 病变
occasionally suspected to be correlated with other disease like Malabsorption Syndrome (MAS), Poult Enteritidis and Mortality Syndrome (PEMS), and infections of the heart (pericarditits, myocarditis, hydropericardium )
体重大的品种产生临床症状更常见 viral arthritis is seen more frequently in males than in females
在公鸡比在母鸡更常见到病毒性关节炎症状。
Epidemiology 流行病学
horizontal spread from bird to bird via ingestion of feces; (less important infection via respiratory tract)
double stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus
双链无囊膜的RNA病毒
Ubiquitous and widespread in commercial poultry worldwide
广泛普遍存在并广泛分布于全球商业鸡群中
common group antigen 有共同的群抗原