国际商务概论

Demand and Supply Schedules
Price $2 $4 $6 $8 $10 $12 $14 $16 $18 $20 Quantity of Pizzas Demanded 2000 1900 1600 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 100 Quantity of Pizzas Supplied 100 400 600 800 1000 1200 1300 1600 1800 2000
Government supports private ownership and encourages entrepreneurship
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1–8
Mixed Economies: Planned and Market
Chapter 1
Understanding the U.S. Business System
PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
“In business you get what you want by giving other people what they want.”
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Leabharlann Baidu
1–13
Price of Pizzas
Demand and Supply
$20 18 16 14 12 10 86421000 1200 1400 1600 200 400 600 800 -
The economies of most countries include both planned and market elements. Worldwide trend is toward more market elements.
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The process of converting government enterprises into privately owned companies
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1–10
Supply and Demand Drive the U.S. Economic System
Supply:
The willingness and ability of producers to offer a good or service for sale
Law of Supply:
Producers will supply (offer) more of a product for sale as its price rises and less as its price drops.
1800 -
Quantity of Pizzas Demanded
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2000 -
Price of Pizzas
Demand and Supply (cont’d)
$20 18 16 14 12 10 861000 1200 1400 1600 -
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1–11
Supply and Demand Drive the U.S. Economic System (cont’d)
Demand:
The willingness and ability of buyers to purchase a good or service
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1–19
Understanding Economic Performance
KEY CONCEPTS
Productivity:
The amount a system produces compared to the resources needed to produce it
1–3
3. 4.
5.
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Key Topics
Nature and goals of US business Global economic systems Supply and demand Private enterprise and competition Evaluating economic performance Status and outlook for the US economy
Market Economy:
An economic system in which buyers and sellers interact based on freedom of choice
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Demand and Supply
$20 18 16 14 12 10 86421000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 200 400 600 800 -
Equilibrium Price
Quantity of Pizzas per Week
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1. 2. Define the nature of U.S. business and identify its main goals and functions. Describe the different types of global economic systems according to the means by which they control the factors of production through input and output markets. Show how markets, demand, and supply affect resource distribution in the United States. Identify the elements of private enterprise and explain the various degrees of competition in the U.S. economic system. Explain the importance of the economic environment to business and identify the factors used to evaluate the performance of an economic system.
— Alice Foote MacDougall
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1–2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
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1–17
Competition
Competition motivates businesses to produce their products better or cheaper
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1–7
Capitalism:
A Fundamentally Market-Based Economy
Individuals Choose: Where to work What to buy How much to pay Producers Choose: Who to hire What to produce How much to charge
The U.S. Economy is a Private Enterprise System
Four Key Elements: Private Property Rights Freedom of Choice Profits Competition Individuals are free to pursue their own interests without government restriction.
Supply Curve
1800 -
2-
Quantity of Pizzas Supplied
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2000 -
600 -
200 -
400 -
800 -
4-
Price of Pizzas
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1–5
Factors of Production
Labor Capital
Information Resources
Entrepreneurs
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1–18
Understanding Economic Performance KEY CONCEPTS
Business Cycle Aggregate Output Standard of Living Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Gross National Product (GNP)
1–9
Socialism: Mixed Economy
Socialism
A planned economic system in which the government owns and operates selected sources of production
Privatization:
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1–4
What Is Business?
An organization that provides goods and services to earn profits
Profits: The positive difference between revenues and expenses
Physical Resources
1–6
How Are Factors of Production Allocated?
Planned Economy:
An economic system in which the government owns and operates all sources of production
Law of Demand:
Buyers will demand (purchase) more of a product as its price drops and less as its price increases.
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