计算机专业英语ppt
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drive / draiv / n. 驱动器
I. Introduction
• An operating system (OS), in computer science, is the basic software that controls a computer. It has two major functions: it coordinates and manipulates computer hardware.
Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consists of the components that can be physically handled. The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage. 计算机硬件设备参与功能的计算机并构成 的组件,这些组件可以被物理处理。这些组件的 功能通常分为三大类:输入、输出和存储。
light pen 光笔 stylus / 5stailEs / （[复]- luses 或 li / -lai / ）n. 输入笔，光笔
III. Output Hardware
• Output hardware consists of external devices that transfer information from the computer’s CPU to the computer user. A video display , or screen, converts information generated by the computer into visual information.
一个操作系统(OS),在计算机科学中,是 最基本的控制电脑的软件。它有三个主要的 功能:它调节和操纵计算机硬件。
II. How an Os Works
• Operating systems control different computer processes, such as running a spreadsheet program or accessing information from the computer’s memory. • All modern operating systems are multitasking and can run several processes simultaneously.
一个程序是一系列的指令,告诉计算机硬件 执行哪些操作数据。程序可以融入到硬件本身,或 者他们可能以被称为软件的形式独立存在。
IV.Future Developments
One continuing trend in computer development is microminiaturization, the effort to compress mo re circuit elements into smaller and smaller chip space.
操作系统通常发现在个人电脑是UNIX,Macintosh 操作系统,ms - dos,OS2,和窗口。 操作系统或者是单或多任务。更原始的单任务操 作系统可以运行在一个时间只有一个进程。
IV. Future Technologies
• Operating systems continue to evolve. A recently developed type of OS called a distributed operating system is designed for a connected, but independent, collection of computers that share resources such as hard drives.
II. Input Hardware
• Input hardware consists of external devices—that is, components outside of the computer’s CPU—that provide information and instructions to the computer. 输入硬件由外部设备,也就是计算机 cpu的外部组件,提供信息和指令的计算机 组成。
操作系统控制不同的计算机流程,如运行一个电 子表格程序或从计算机的内存访问信息。 所有现代操作系统都是多任务可以同时运行多个 进程。
III. Current Operating Systems
• The operating systems commonly found on personal computers are UNIX, Macintosh OS, MS-DOS, OS2, and Windows. • Operating systems are either single-tasking or multitasking. The more primitive singletasking operatinprocess at a time.
II. Language Types
• Programming languages can be classified as either low-level languages or high-level languages. Low-level programming languages are the most basic type of programming languages and can be understood directly by a computer.
计算机发展的一个持续的趋势是微小型 化,努力压缩莫再保险电路元素变成越来越 小的芯片空间。
microminiaturiza- tion / 5maikrEu7mini-tFErai5zeiF En / n. 微小型化，超小型化
Section A Computer Hardware
I. Introduction
编程语言使用特定类型的语句或指令,提供 功能结构的程序。一个语句在程序中是一个基 本的句子,表达一个简单的想法，它的目的是给 电脑一个基本的指令。
I. Introduction
II. History
• The first adding machine, a precursor of the digital computer, was devised in 1642 by the French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher Blaise Pascal This device employed a series of ten-toothed wheels, each tooth representing a digit from 0 to 9.
高级语言通常分为面向过程的、功能的、 面向对象的、或逻辑语言。是今天最常见的 是面向过程的高级语言。
IV. Language Structure and Components
• Programming languages use specific types of statements, or instructions, to provide functional structure to the program. A statement in a program is a basic sentence that expresses a simple idea—its purpose is to give the computer a basic instruction.
编程语言可以分为低级语言和高级语言。 低级编程语言是最基本的类型的编程语言, 可以直接通过电脑了解。
III. Classification of High-Level Languages
• High-level languages are commonly classified as procedure-oriented, functional, object-oriented, or logic languages. The most common high-level languages today are procedure-oriented languages.
操作系统继续进化。新近开发的类型的操 作系统称为分布式操作系统是专为一个连接, 但独立、收集的计算机共享资源,如硬盘驱动 器。
I. Introduction
• Programming languages, in computer science, are the artificial languages used to write a sequence of instructions (a computer program) that can be run by a computer. Similar to natural languages, such as English, programming languages have a vocabulary, grammar, and syntax . 编程语言,在计算机科学中,是用于编写 一系列指令人工语言,可以由一台计算机。 类似于自然语言,如英语,编程语言有词汇、 语法和句法。
I.Introduction
A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information. 计算机是一种电子设备,它能接收一套指 令或程序,然后通过执行计算数值数据或通过 操纵其他形式的信息来执行这个程序。
第一个加法机,数字计算机的先驱,是在1642年 由法国科学家,数学家和哲学家Blaise Pascal设计, 本装置采用了一系列的十齿轮,每个齿代表一个从0 到9的数字。
III.Programming
A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data. Programs can be built into the hardware itself, or they may exist independently in a form known as software.
输出硬件由从计算机CPU的计算机用户 传输信息的外部设备组成。一个视频显示,或 屏幕,转换生成的信息转化为视觉信息的计算 机。
IV. Storage Hardware
• Storage hardware provides permanent storage of information and programs for retrieval by the computer. The two main types of storage devices are disk drives and memory. 存储硬件提供永久存储的信息和由计 算机检索的程序。两个主要类型的存储设 备是磁盘驱动器和记忆。
I. Introduction
• An operating system (OS), in computer science, is the basic software that controls a computer. It has two major functions: it coordinates and manipulates computer hardware.
Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consists of the components that can be physically handled. The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage. 计算机硬件设备参与功能的计算机并构成 的组件,这些组件可以被物理处理。这些组件的 功能通常分为三大类:输入、输出和存储。
light pen 光笔 stylus / 5stailEs / （[复]- luses 或 li / -lai / ）n. 输入笔，光笔
III. Output Hardware
• Output hardware consists of external devices that transfer information from the computer’s CPU to the computer user. A video display , or screen, converts information generated by the computer into visual information.
一个操作系统(OS),在计算机科学中,是 最基本的控制电脑的软件。它有三个主要的 功能:它调节和操纵计算机硬件。
II. How an Os Works
• Operating systems control different computer processes, such as running a spreadsheet program or accessing information from the computer’s memory. • All modern operating systems are multitasking and can run several processes simultaneously.
一个程序是一系列的指令,告诉计算机硬件 执行哪些操作数据。程序可以融入到硬件本身,或 者他们可能以被称为软件的形式独立存在。
IV.Future Developments
One continuing trend in computer development is microminiaturization, the effort to compress mo re circuit elements into smaller and smaller chip space.
操作系统通常发现在个人电脑是UNIX,Macintosh 操作系统,ms - dos,OS2,和窗口。 操作系统或者是单或多任务。更原始的单任务操 作系统可以运行在一个时间只有一个进程。
IV. Future Technologies
• Operating systems continue to evolve. A recently developed type of OS called a distributed operating system is designed for a connected, but independent, collection of computers that share resources such as hard drives.
II. Input Hardware
• Input hardware consists of external devices—that is, components outside of the computer’s CPU—that provide information and instructions to the computer. 输入硬件由外部设备,也就是计算机 cpu的外部组件,提供信息和指令的计算机 组成。
操作系统控制不同的计算机流程,如运行一个电 子表格程序或从计算机的内存访问信息。 所有现代操作系统都是多任务可以同时运行多个 进程。
III. Current Operating Systems
• The operating systems commonly found on personal computers are UNIX, Macintosh OS, MS-DOS, OS2, and Windows. • Operating systems are either single-tasking or multitasking. The more primitive singletasking operatinprocess at a time.
II. Language Types
• Programming languages can be classified as either low-level languages or high-level languages. Low-level programming languages are the most basic type of programming languages and can be understood directly by a computer.
计算机发展的一个持续的趋势是微小型 化,努力压缩莫再保险电路元素变成越来越 小的芯片空间。
microminiaturiza- tion / 5maikrEu7mini-tFErai5zeiF En / n. 微小型化，超小型化
Section A Computer Hardware
I. Introduction
编程语言使用特定类型的语句或指令,提供 功能结构的程序。一个语句在程序中是一个基 本的句子,表达一个简单的想法，它的目的是给 电脑一个基本的指令。
I. Introduction
II. History
• The first adding machine, a precursor of the digital computer, was devised in 1642 by the French scientist, mathematician, and philosopher Blaise Pascal This device employed a series of ten-toothed wheels, each tooth representing a digit from 0 to 9.
高级语言通常分为面向过程的、功能的、 面向对象的、或逻辑语言。是今天最常见的 是面向过程的高级语言。
IV. Language Structure and Components
• Programming languages use specific types of statements, or instructions, to provide functional structure to the program. A statement in a program is a basic sentence that expresses a simple idea—its purpose is to give the computer a basic instruction.
编程语言可以分为低级语言和高级语言。 低级编程语言是最基本的类型的编程语言, 可以直接通过电脑了解。
III. Classification of High-Level Languages
• High-level languages are commonly classified as procedure-oriented, functional, object-oriented, or logic languages. The most common high-level languages today are procedure-oriented languages.
操作系统继续进化。新近开发的类型的操 作系统称为分布式操作系统是专为一个连接, 但独立、收集的计算机共享资源,如硬盘驱动 器。
I. Introduction
• Programming languages, in computer science, are the artificial languages used to write a sequence of instructions (a computer program) that can be run by a computer. Similar to natural languages, such as English, programming languages have a vocabulary, grammar, and syntax . 编程语言,在计算机科学中,是用于编写 一系列指令人工语言,可以由一台计算机。 类似于自然语言,如英语,编程语言有词汇、 语法和句法。
I.Introduction
A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information. 计算机是一种电子设备,它能接收一套指 令或程序,然后通过执行计算数值数据或通过 操纵其他形式的信息来执行这个程序。
第一个加法机,数字计算机的先驱,是在1642年 由法国科学家,数学家和哲学家Blaise Pascal设计, 本装置采用了一系列的十齿轮,每个齿代表一个从0 到9的数字。
III.Programming
A program is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data. Programs can be built into the hardware itself, or they may exist independently in a form known as software.
输出硬件由从计算机CPU的计算机用户 传输信息的外部设备组成。一个视频显示,或 屏幕,转换生成的信息转化为视觉信息的计算 机。
IV. Storage Hardware
• Storage hardware provides permanent storage of information and programs for retrieval by the computer. The two main types of storage devices are disk drives and memory. 存储硬件提供永久存储的信息和由计 算机检索的程序。两个主要类型的存储设 备是磁盘驱动器和记忆。