修辞格翻译

• 他累了，然而一点也不安宁，即使躺在床上也 还是这样。(transferred epithet)
Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed smiling attention. • 罗斯福目光炯炯，面带微笑，聚精会神地听着。 (transferred epithet)
She looked at the faded photo with suspicion and a magnifying glass.
• 她带着满腹疑团看那张褪了色的照片，于是戴上 了放大镜。
Clipping
He was restlessly tired, even as he lay in bed.
Methods of translating…
• • • • • Literal translation Literal translation + note Interpretation Domestication Clipping
Literal translation
• 在英汉两种语言的修辞手法和比喻形象无甚 差异的情况下，就可采用直译。直译既可传 达原文的意义，又可保持原文的修辞风格， 丰富译文的语言表达力。
Interpretation
They prolonged the clasp for the photographers, exchanging smiling words.
• 他们延长握手的时间，让摄影师照相，同时微笑着交谈。 （transferred epithet） He is the mouth of the House in its relations with the Crown. • 他是议会对王室的发言人。(metonymy)
Literal translation
This diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per month．
• 这个勤奋的学生每个月读书时间不超过一小时。(Irony)
The sun smiled down on the green meadows.
• function Impressive, powerful, lively, persuasive, humorous, vivid, amusing
3 categories of figures of speech
1. phonological rhetorical devices（音韵修辞格） 2. Semantic rhetorical devices（词义修辞格） 3. syntactical rhetorical devices（句法修辞格）
Thank You for Your Attention!
• 太阳向着绿茵茵的草地俯首微笑。 (Personification)
Literal translation + note
• 加注也是丰富译入语语言表达法的一种有效方 法。它既能传达原文的意思和神韵， 又能扩展 读者的知识面。尤其当原文所用的典故在上下 文中起比较重要的作用时，使用加注能收到较 好的效果。
1. Phonological rhetorical devices
• 音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的 修辞手法。 • Onomatopoeia • Alliteration • Assonance • Consonance
Phonological rhetorical devices
Domestication
• 有些英语的修辞格译成汉语时，可以换用符合 汉语习惯的其他辞格或是改变原文中比喻形象，
使译文在思想上忠实于原作、风格和神韵上尽
量求得与原文相接近的效果。 1. Using another image 2. Using another figure of speech
Using another image
像只饿狼
Using another figure of speech
The chess-board is the world, where the rules of the game are what we call the laws of nature. • 棋盘如世界，游戏规则如同自然法则。
as rich as Croesus • 富得像科里瑟斯 • (注：Croesus是公元6世纪小亚细亚吕底亚国王，十分 富有) • 极为富有 as drunk as a fiddler • 醉得像小提琴手 • （注：在英格兰早期文化生活中， 民间小提琴手在 公共场合为舞蹈伴奏， 人们往往以酒酬谢，小提琴 手因此每每喝得大醉。) • 酩町大醉
Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as close as an oyster. • 密斯先生可以当个好秘书，因为他守口如瓶。(simile)
It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter. • 遗憾的是，我们当时的呼吁石沉大海。(metaphor)
Literal translation
They were only crying crocodile tears at the old man's funeral because nobody had really liked him. • 在老头子的葬礼上，他们只不过挤了几滴鳄鱼的眼 泪，因为老头子在世时他们都不喜欢他。 Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water. • 同这么多穿着体面而又有教养的人在一起， 这位乡 下姑娘颇有如鱼离水之感。
Translation of English Figures of speech
Introduction to figures of speech
• difinition an expression which uses words to mean something different from their ordinary meaning
• antithesis
• anastrophe
syntactical rhetorical devices
O, Wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind? • 啊，风啊，如果冬天来临，春天还会远吗？(rhetorical question) A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. • 吃一堑，长一智 (antithesis)
Clipping
• 有些英语修辞格（特别是那些句子结构上的修辞格）
难以采用对应的汉语辞格来翻译，有时有必要使用
切分的办法来译，以便使译文符合汉语的规范和表 达习惯。
Clipping
She lost her heart and necklace at a ball. • 在一次舞会上， 她倾心爱上了一个人， 但却丢失 了她的项链。(zeugma)
(metaphor—simile)
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. • 睡得早，起得早，富裕、聪明、身体好。 (rhyming, alliteration—repetition, parallelism)
Literal translation + note
Christ, to hear some of those sailors' myths, you'd think bloody Fort Knox was on every ship that sailed.
• 天哪，要是听信有些水手的胡说八道，你会以为每条出海 的船上都有该死的诺克斯堡哩。 （注:诺克斯堡是美国的一个军事保留地，是美国黄金仓库 的所在地。）
Semantic rhetorical devices
College is a comma of a sentence of life.
• 大学就是人生长句中的一个逗号。(metaphor)
The virtuous, dignified bishop has four illegitimate children.
They did not reopen the Pandora's Box they had peeked into in 1972. • 他们在1972年曾挖掘过这些丑事，如今却不再打开这个潘
朵拉的盒子。 （注：潘朵拉的盒子原自希腊神话故事，里面藏有许多能给 人们带来不幸的事物。）
Literal translation + note
2. Semantic rhetorical devices
• 词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变 化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。 • simile, metaphor, metonymy, allusion, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, understatement, irony, pun, oxymoron, paradox, zeugma, parody
• 那个品德高尚、威严的主教有四个私生子。(irony)
3. syntactical rhetorical devices
• 句子结构上的修辞格主要是指通过句子结构的均 衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。
• parallelism • repetition • rheHale Waihona Puke Baiduorical question
The typewriter was clattering all the night. • 打字机咔嗒咔嗒地响了一整夜。 (onomatopoeia) A fair face may hide a foul heart. • 漂亮的脸蛋可能掩盖着一付肮脏的心肠。(alliteration)
• — Why are parliamentary reports called "Blue Books"?
• — Because they are never red. • ─ 为什么议会报告称为“蓝皮书”？ • ─ 因为他们从来就不是红的。(pun)
（注：red和read谐音，实际上是指"从来没有人读它们"）
Using another image
as timid as a rabbit 胆小如鼠
as stubborn as a mule
to work like a horse
犟得像头牛
像老黄牛一样干活
like a duck to water
like a drowned rat
如鱼得水
像落汤鸡
hungry as a bear
Interpretation
• 由于许多英语修辞手法或比喻形象本身是特有的， 如保留其形就会危害其义。如头韵法，其搭配可以 千变万化，很难碰巧找到相同的汉语搭配，即使勉
强凑韵，也不一定能表达原文的意思。这时就必须
首先保证译文能正确传达原文的思想内容，然后再
尽一切可能去表现原文的节奏和旋律。
Interpretation