轻型木结构墙体

墙体设计 Wall Framing Design
过梁 Lintels
墙体设计-外墙过梁 墙体设计 外墙过梁 Wall Framing Design – Exterior Lintel
Lintel 1
2-Ply Lintel Specified Roof Load = 1 kPa Heavy roof construction (1.0 kPa dead load), Lintel supporting a ceiling (Span/250 deflection criteria) Maximum Allowable Span (m)
墙体 Wall Framing
提起墙体并连接在 一起，需要使用临 时支撑 Walls tilily braced as required.
墙体 Wall Framing
转角处的顶梁板要搭接 Corner framing with lapped top plates. 转角处填充保温棉时，要在 内测放置第三根墙骨柱支撑 内装修层 Third inside stud provides support for interior finish while allowing corner to be insulated
图片由加拿大木材理事会提供 Diagram Courtesy Canadian Wood Council
墙体 Wall Framing
墙体设计 Wall Design
墙体 Wall Framing
双层顶梁板 Double top plate 短撑 Cripple 门洞过梁 Door header or lintel 墙骨柱 Common stud 封头墙骨柱 Trimmer 主要墙骨柱 King stud 底梁板 Bottom plates 底梁Sill 短撑Cripple 窗口过梁 Window header or lintel
Third stud
墙体 Wall Framing
内外隔墙的连接 Interior partition wall / exterior wall connection. 2x6规格材做垫板方便墙体赶作业施 工以及连接后面的填充材布置 38 x 140mm (2x6) backer for supporting drywall and allowing insulation behind connection.
定向刨花板 OSB 胶合板 Plywood 防火板 Fibreboard 石膏板 Gypsum 保温填充覆面板 Insulated sheathing
墙体 Wall Framing
内隔墙和保温天花板的连接。顶梁板之间布置带状聚乙烯作 为隔气层 Interior partition wall connection with insulated ceiling. When polyethylene air / vapour barrier is used strip placed between top plates
40 x 90
Species and Grade Spruce-Pine-Fir IIb & IIIb Grades Supporting Roof Only Roof + 1 Floor Roof + 2 Floors Roof Only Roof + 1 Floor Roof + 2 Floors Roof Only Roof + 1 Floor Roof + 2 Floors Roof Only Roof + 1 Floor Roof + 2 Floors 8 1.12 0.92 0.77 1.10 0.90 0.77 1.21 0.99 0.84 0.92 0.76 0.64 10 1.00 0.82 0.65 0.98 0.81 0.69 1.08 0.89 0.72 0.83 0.68 0.57 12 0.91 0.72 0.57 0.90 0.74 0.63 0.99 0.80 0.63 0.75 0.62 0.51 8
窗洞口 Window rough opening
墙体 Wall Framing
墙骨柱、板、短撑和过梁 用钉和楼板连接，然后安 装对角支撑或覆面板 Stud, plates, cripples and lintels are laid out on the floor, nailed together, then cross braced or sheathed.
天花板搁栅 2x6规格材，用于钉连接 带状聚乙烯 作为隔气层 （也可以布 置在顶梁板 之间，楼板 之间不要求 布置）
顶梁板 墙骨柱
墙体 Wall Framing
当搁栅和外墙平行时，需要设置垫板来支撑内装修层 Where joists are parallel to exterior wall back framing required to provide support for interior finish
40 x 140
10 1.47 1.20 1.02 1.44 1.18 1.00 1.59 1.30 1.10 1.21 0.99 0.84 12 1.34 1.09 0.90 1.32 1.08 0.92 1.45 1.18 0.98 1.10 0.90 0.77
40 x 185
Building Width (m) 8 10 12 2.07 1.69 1.44 2.04 1.67 1.42 2.24 1.83 1.56 1.71 1.40 1.19 1.85 1.51 1.29 1.82 1.49 1.27 2.00 1.64 1.39 1.53 1.25 1.06 1.69 1.38 1.18 1.66 1.36 1.16 1.83 1.50 1.27 1.39 1.14 0.97 8
垫板 Backer
墙体 Wall Framing
覆面板横放在楼面上，然后开始安装 Panel type sheathing applied to framing when it is still horizontal on the floor deck. 竖向和水平布置的覆面板 覆面板类型 Range of sheathings
桁架或椽条 Truss or rafter 屋顶覆面板 Roof sheathing
剪刀撑 Cross bridging 顶梁板 Top plate 承重内隔墙 Load Bearing interior wall
楼盖覆面板 Floor sheathing 组合梁 Built up beam 墙骨柱 Stud 地梁板锚固螺栓 钉板条 Strapping 搁栅 Joist Sill plate anchor bolt 地梁板 Sill plate 封边搁栅 Rim Joist 底梁板 Bottom wall plate 墙体覆面板 Wall sheathing
加拿大木业协会设计师培训班第一阶段 – 轻型木结构 Canada Wood Level 1 - Wood-Frame Construction
墙体和屋盖 Wall and Roof Framing Herbert Otto, B. Arch., MRAIC
平台式建造法 Platform Framing
屋顶桁架 Roof trusses
38 x 89 or 38 x 140mm 墙骨柱
38 x 89 or 38 x 140mm ( 2x4 or 2x6) stud walls 楼盖覆面板 Floor sheathing 楼盖搁栅 Floor joists 基础 Foundation
平台式轻型木结构 Platform Framing
D.Fir-L(N) IIb & IIIb Grades
40 x 235
10 2.26 1.85 1.57 2.23 1.82 1.55 2.45 2.00 1.70 1.87 1.53 1.30 12 2.07 1.69 1.44 2.03 1.66 1.41 2.23 1.83 1.55 1.70 1.40 1.19 8
40 x 285
10 2.63 2.15 1.83 2.58 2.11 1.80 2.84 2.32 1.98 2.17 1.77 1.51 12 2.40 1.96 1.67 2.36 1.93 1.64 2.59 2.12 1.80 1.98 1.62 1.38
1.64 1.34 1.14 1.61 1.32 1.12 1.77 1.45 1.23 1.35 1.11 0.94
2.53 2.07 1.76 2.49 2.04 1.73 2.74 2.24 1.90 2.09 1.71 1.45
2.94 2.40 2.04 2.89 2.36 2.01 3.18 2.60 2.21 2.42 1.98 1.69
墙骨柱 底梁板 下部楼面板
楼盖搁栅 用于内装修的钉连接 端部搁栅 板
墙体设计 Wall Framing Design
内墙和外墙结构功能和荷载分布不同，所以应分开设计。 Interior and exterior walls should be designed separately since they have different functions and loads are distributed differently 墙骨柱最小尺寸和间距的规定（设计表中还包括其他的长度、树种和荷载 分配） Rules of thumb for minimum stud sizes and spacing (design tables for other lengths, species, and load configurations) 外墙高度建到3m Exterior Walls up to 3 m tall 仅支承屋盖- 38 x 89 @ 600 mm o.c Supporting roof only – 38 x 89 @ 600 mm o.c. 支承屋盖和1层楼盖– 38 x 89 @ 400 mm o.c. Supporting roof and 1 floor – 38 x 89 @ 400 mm o.c. 支承屋盖和2层楼盖– 38 x 140 @ 400 mm o.c. Supporting roof and 2 floors – 38 x 140 @ 400 mm o.c.
墙体设计 Wall Framing Design
内墙高度建到3m Interior Walls up to 3m tall 非承重 Non load bearing 38 x 89 @ 600 mm o.c. （推荐400mm） 38 x 89 @ 600 mm o.c. (however 400 mm recommended) 承重 Load bearing 支承屋盖和1层楼盖– 38 x 89 @ 400 mm o.c. Supporting 1 floor – 38 x 89 @ 400 mm o.c. 支承屋盖和2层楼盖– 38 x 89 @ 300 mm o.c. Supporting 2 floors – 38 x 89 @ 300 mm o.c. 支承屋盖和3层楼盖– 38 x 140 @ 400 mm o.c. Supporting 3 floors – 38 x 140 @ 400 mm o.c.
墙体 Wall Framing
门窗洞口过梁通常使用2x4规格材，中间 使用2x6规格材 Window or door header framing, conventional 38 x 89mm (2x4) and insulated 38 x 140 mm (2x6). 用于过梁的规格材尺寸由荷载和跨度决定 Size of dimension lumber used in header determined by load and span