轻型货车车架毕业设计及有限元分析

摘要

车架作为汽车的承载集体，安装着发动机、转向系、悬架、驾驶室、货厢等有关部件和总成，承受着传递给它的各种力和力矩。车架工作状态十分复杂，根本无法用简单的数学方法对其进行准确的分析计算,而采用有限元方法可以对车架的静态特征进行较为准确的分析，从而经验设计进入到科学设计阶段。

本文对该轻型货车车架进行结构设计，并运用有限元方法对其进行静态分析。

首先通过计算，对车架的材料、主要参数、结构形式等进行选择，并根据车架的主要技术参数，计算车架的刚度、挠度、扭转角等。其次，针对该车架运用Pro/E软件进行有限元模型的建立。在忠于主要力学特性的前提下，对车架结构进行必要的简化。建立有限元模型时考虑了若干问题，比如：结构简化的处理，单元的选取，单元数量的控制，单元质量的检查，网格的布局，还有连接方式的模拟等。对车架有限元模型进行静态分析，并从中得出结论。

文中阐述了车架结构设计的基本方法及建立车架有限元模型的基本原则。通过对车架进行结构设计、有限元分析，从而使车架的承载能力提高，实现结构轻量化。

关键词：车架；结构设计；Pro/E；有限元模型；有限元分析

ABSTRACT

The frame ,as a most important part of carrier car,supports some accessories such as engine,drive line,running geer,body,and withstands all kinds of force.In addition ,the work condition of carrier car is extremely bad,and stress condition is also complex ,it is unable to use simple mathermatical method for accurate analysis of the calculation，and the finite element method can be used to analyse the staic and dynamic performance of the frame more accurately,so that the design of frame will go from the experience design into the scientific design stage.

This article carries on the structural design to this pickup truck frame, and carries on the static analysis using the finite element method to it.

First the computation that it is in order to complete the frame material, the main parameter, the structural style which carry on the choice, and according to the frame main technical parameter, calculates the frame the rigidity, the amount of deflection, the angle of torsion and so on.Next, carries on the finite element model in view of this frame using the Pro/E software the establishment.In is loyal to under the main mechanics characteristic premise, carries on the essential simplification to the frame structure.When establishment finite element model has considered certain questions, for instance: The structure simplifies processing, unit selection, unit quantity control, unit quality inspection, grid layout, but also has the connection way simulation and so on.Carries on the static analysis to the frame finite element model, and draws the conclusion.

At last the paper introduced the basic method of frame structure design and finite element model is established the basic principles of the frame. Through the frame structure design and finite element analysis, so as to improve the bearing capacity of the frame structure, realize the lightweight.

Key words: Frame；Physical design；Pro/E；Finite element model；Finite element analysis

目录

摘要..................................................................................................................................I Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II 第1章绪论.. (1)

1.1 研究背景 (1)

1.2货车研究的目的和意义 (1)

1.3车架国内外研究状况 (2)

1.4 主要研究内容 (3)

第2章轻型货车的车架设计 (4)

2.1车架概述 (4)

2.1.1车架的设计要求 (4)

2.1.2车架的类型 (4)

2.1.3车架的制造工艺及材料 (7)

2.2 车架的结构设计 (8)

2.2.1车架的挠度计算 (9)

2.2.2车架的弯矩及弯应力计算 (10)

2.2.3车架的扭矩及扭转角计算 (12)

2.3 本章小结 (13)

第3章车架三维模型的建立 (14)

3.1 Pro/E软件介绍 (14)

3.2 三维模型的建立 (15)

3.3 本章小结 (20)

第4章车架有限元分析 (21)

4.1 ANSYS软件介绍 (21)

4.2轻型货车有限元模型的处理 (26)

4.2.1车架几何数据处理 (27)

4.2.2网格划分的基本原则 (27)