厦门大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语真题

厦门大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语真题
Part I: Vocabulary and structure (15%)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four
choices marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark
the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
1. ________ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton
mills
in the world.
A. On
B. By
C. At
D. Of
2. If you come to Tokyo, i can put you ____________ in an apartment near my company.
A. across
B. down
C. out
D. up
3. It seems oil __________ f rom this pipe for some time. Well have to take the
machine
apart to put it right.
A. had leaked
B. is leaking
C. leaked
D. has
been lea-
king
4. He will agree to do what you require ___________ him.
A. of
B. from
C. to
D. for
5. Though he was born and brought up in America, he can speak _________________ Chi- nese.
A. fluid
B. smooth
C. fluent
D.
flowing
6. We look forward to ___________ to the opening ceremony.
A. invite 巳.be invited C. having been inviteEI. being
invited
7. If people feel hopeless, they don’t bother to ____________ t he skills they
need to suc-
cess.
A. adopt 巳.acquire C. accumulate D. assemble
8. Professor Wang, _________ for his informative lectures, was warmly
received by
his students.
A. knowing
B. known
C. to be known
D.
having known
9. She just had no faith in me. It was William _____________ s he still had her
faith.
A. that
B. who
C. whom
D.
in whom
10. The conference __________ a full week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted 巳.will have lasted C. would last D.
has lasted
11. “ Bob certainly has a low opinion of Sue. It can’t be any worse than________________ of him”'
A. her
B. hers
C. she
D. she
does
12. The woman has not yet __________ the loss of her son
A. got up 巳.got by C. got over D. got
round
13. Eighty percent of mothers cradle their ___________ in their left arms,
holding them a-
gainst the left side of their bodies.
A. infants 巳.hoses C. handkerchiefs D. fences
14. The explorers came forward with gifts of ducks and flour-cakes and ________________ troughs of water for the horses to drink.
A. held in
B. held with
C. held under
D. held up
15. He like to _________ everything, even those that hardly concern him.
A. offer help to
B. get mixed up in
C. have a part in
D. make a fuss over
16. a ________ examination for the post of department manager will be held
next
Tuesday.
A. classifying
B. comparing 0. contrasting D. competitive
17. Mother was so weak after her operation that the doctors wondered if they
would be
able to _________ her through.
21. We must __________ on our reputation to expand the business.
A. improve 巳.build C. develop D.
weigh
22. _________ i t or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.
A. Believe
B. To believe
C. Believing
D.
Believed
23. _________ d oes business with that fellow is bound to lose money.
A. Whoever
B. Who
C. No matter who
D.
However
24. Ann never dreams of __________ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A. there being a chance
B. there to be a chance
C. there be a chance
D. being a chance
25. Frequently single-parent children ____________ s ome of the functions that the absent
adult in the house would have served.
A. take off
B. take after
C. take in
D. take on
26. Whenever a big company __________ a small one, the product almost always gets
worse.
A. gets on with
B. cuts down 0. takes over D. puts up with
27. Samuel ________ to compromise on lesser questions.
A. was compelled
B. was delighted
C. was prepared
D. was only too ready
28. Children tend to __________ while playing, even if they make a promise before.
A. lose all count of time 巳.keep all count of time
C. be aware of the passage of time
D. waste time
29. a survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region,
were surprising
A. as results
B. which results
C. the results of it
D. the results of which
30. Our manager is so __________ in his thinking, he never listens to new ideas.
A. stiff
B. rigid
C. tense
D. tight
Part II: Reading comprehension (40%)
S e c t i o n A(30%) Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or un-
finished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A、B、C、and D. You should de- cide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Passage 1
Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another
and to determine where we “fit” in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mental-
ly attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether
the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or
a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and
so on.
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at a very high speed, assume the statuses that various sit-
uations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among ap-
propriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This
means that we fit our actions to those of other people based on a constant mental process
of appraisal and interpretation. Although some of us find the task more difficult than others,
most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer
can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chi-
nese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presen-
ted by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our
pocketbook. Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on
their racks. Statuses, too, come ready made, and the range of choice among them is lim-
ited.
31. In the first paragraph, the writer tells us that Lotuses can help us ______________ .
A. determine whether a person is jar a certain job
巳.behave appropriately in relation to other people
C. protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations
D. make friends with other people
32. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses ______________ .
A. in order to identify themselves with others
B. in order to better identify others.
C. as their mental processes change.
D. as the situation changes.
33. The word “appraisal”(Para. 2) most probably means _______________ .
A. involvement
B. appreciation
C. assessment
D. presentation
34. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers
to _________ .
A. fitting our actions to those of other people
appropriated
巳.identification of other people’s statuses
C. selecting one’s ow n statuses
D. constant mental process
35. By saying that “an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese
peas-
ant or that of a Hindu prince” (Para. 3)，the writer means _______________ .
A. different people have different styles of clothes
巳.ready-made clothes may need alterations
C. statuses come ready made just like clothes
D. our choice of statuses is limited
Passage 2
Humanity uses a little less than half the water available worldwide. Yet
occurrences of
shortages and droughts are causing famine and distress in some areas, and industrial and
agricultural acts are polluting water supplies. Since the world’s population is expected to
double in the next 50 years, many experts think we are on the edge of a widespread water
crisis.
But that doesn’t have to be the outcome. W ater shortages do not have to trouble the
world —if we start valuing water more than we have in the past. Just as we began to ap-
preciate petroleum more after the 1970 oil crisis, today we must start looking at water from
a fresh economic perspective. We can no longer afford to consider water a virtually free re-
source which we can use as much as we live in any way we want.
Instead, for all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should
price water to reflect its actual value. This means charging a fee for the water itself as well
as for the supply costs.
Governments should also protect this resource by providing water in more, economi-
cally and environmentally sound ways. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irri-
gation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in
depressions and pumping it to nearby cropland.
No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently, they must
change their institutional and legal approaches to water use. Rather than spread
control a-
mong hundreds or even thousands of local, regional, and national agencies that watch
va-
rious aspects of water use, countries should set up central authorities to coordinate
water
policy.
36. What is the real cause of the potential water crisis?
A. Only half of the world’s water can be used.
B. The world population is increasing faster and faster.
C. Half of the world’s water resources hackle been seriously polluted.
D. Humanity has not placed sufficient value on water resources.
37. As indicated in the passage, the problem .
A. is already serious in certain parts of the world
巳.has been exaggerated by some experts in the field
C. poses a challenge to the technology of building reservoirs
D. is underestimated by government organizations at different levels
38. According to the author, the water price should _____________ .
A. be reduced to the minimum
巳.stimulate domestic demand
C. correspond to its real value
D. take into account the occurrences of droughts
39. The author says that in some hot and dry areas, it is advisable to ______________ .
A. build big lakes to store water
巳.construct big pumping stations
C. build small and cheap irrigation systems.
D. channel water from nearby rivers to cropland
40. In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken
to _________ .
A. guarantee full protection of the environment
B. centralize the management of water resources
0. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all
levels
D. encourage local and regional protection of water
resources
Passage 3
Every night she listened to her father going around the house, locking the doors and
windows. She listened: the back door clog；could hear the fastener of the kitchen window’s
click, and the restless pad of as feet going back to try the front door. It wasn’t only the out-
side doors he locked；he locked the empty kitchen too. He was looking something out, but
obviously it was something capable of entering into his first defenses. He raised his second
line all the way up to bed.
In fourteen years, she thought unhappily, the home will be his，he had paid twenty-
five pounds down and the rest he was paying month by month as rent. “Of course,v he by
the habit of saying, “I’ve improved the property. ” “Yes,” he repeated, “I’ve improved the property，” looking around for a nail to drive in weed to uproot. It was more than a sense of property；it was a sense of honesty. Some peace who bought their homes through the society let them go to rack and ruin and then cleared out.
She stood with her ear against the wall, a small dark, angry, immature figure. There
was no more to be heard from the other room；but in her inner ear she still heard the
foot-
steps of a property owner, the tap-tap of a hammer, the scrape of a spade, the whistle of
radiator steam, a key turning, a bolt pushed home, the little busy sounds of men building
barriers. She stood planning.
41. Which of the following is TRUE of the father in the passage?
A. He thought a lot about his daughter’s future.
B. He saved a lot of money for his daughter.
C. He thought that he was secure.
D. he avoided his neighbors on purpose.
42. From the passage we can see that the father is ____________ .
A. kind to his daughter and neighbors
B. cruel to his daughter and neighbors
C. systematical in his actions
D. careful about his appearance
43. According to the passage, the daughter’s attitude toward his father is
of _________ ■
A. slight dislike 巳.great disapproval C. strong love D. grateful acceptance
44. Which of following feelings is conveyed in the passage?
A. tenseness
B. peace
C. nervousness
D. happiness
45. All of the following are true EXCEPT that ___________ .
A. the father built his defenses carefully
B. some property owners let their homes go worse
C. the daughter was thin and very young
D. the father punished the girl when she was young
S e c t i o n B(10%) Directions：In the following article，some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1 〜5，
choose the most suitable one from the list a to e to fit into each of the numbered blank. Mark your an- swers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Where Is the News Leading Us?
Not long ago I was asked to join in a public symposium on the role of the American
press. Two other speakers were included on the program. The first was a distinguished Tv
anchorman. The other was the editor of one of the nation’s leading papers, a newsman to
the core-tough, aggressive, and savvy in the ways and means of solid reporting.
The purpose of the symposium, as I understood it, was to scrutinize the obligations of
the media and to suggest the best ways to meet those obligations.
[46] ________ . Why, he asked, are the newspapers and television news programs
so disaster-prone? Why are newsmen and women so attracted to tragedy, violence, fail-
ure?
The anchorman and editor reacted as though they had been blamed for the existence
of bad news. Newsmen and newswomen，they said, are only responsible for reporting the
news, not for creating it or modifying it.
[47] ________ . The gentleman who had asked it was not blaming them for the dis-
tortions in the world. He was just wondering why distortions are most reported. The news
media seem to operate on the philosophy that all news is bad news. Why? Could it be
the emphasis on downside news is largely the result of tradition —the way newsmen and
newswomen are accustomed to respond to daily events?
[48] ________ . News is supposed to deal with happenings of the past 12 hours —
24 hours at most. Anything that happens so suddenly, however, is apt to be eruptive, a sniper kills some pedestrians；a terrorist holds 250 people hostage in a plane；OPEc an-
nounces a 25 percent increase in petroleum prices, Great Britain devalues by another 10
percent；a truck conveying radioactive wastes collides with a mobile cement mixer.
[49] ________ . Civilization is a lot more than the sum total of its catastrophes. The
most important ingredient in any civilizatio n is progress. But progress doesn’t happen all at
once. It is not eruptive. Generally, it comes in bid and pieces, very little of it clearly visible
at any given moment, but all of it involved in the making of historical change for the better.
It is this aspect of living history that most news reporting reflects inadequately. The re-
sult is that we are under-informed about positive developments and over-informed about
disasters. This, in turn, leads to a public mood of defeatism and despair, which in them- selves tend to be inhibitors of progress. An unrelieved diet of eruptive news depletes the
essential human energies a free society needs.
[50] ________ . I am not suggesting that “positive” news he contrived as an anti-
dote to the disasters on page one. Nor do I define positive news as in-depth reportage
functions of the local YMCA. What I am trying to get across is the notion that the responsi-
bility of the news media is to search out and report on important events whether or not they
come under the heading of conflict, confrontation or catastrophe. The world is a splendid
combination of heaven and hell, and both sectors call for attention and scrutiny.
A. Focusing solely on these devils, however, produces a misshapen picture.
B. Perhaps it would useful here to examine the way we define the word news, for this
is where the problem begins.
C. A mood of hopeless and cynicism is hardly likely to furnish the energy needed to
meet serious challenges.
D. During the open-discussion period, a gentleman in the audience addressed a question to my two colleagues.
E. It didn’t seem to me that the newsmen had answer the question.
Part III: Short Answer Questions (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage and then give short answers to the five questions. Write
your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Surveys have shown that most football and basketball injuries involve the knee, either
through twisting or through application of lateral force. Surgery for such injuries has be- come much simpler with the invention of a thin device containing a fiber optics light that can
be inserted into a thin slit in the knee. Repair can be accomplished through this narrow o-
pening. Long-distance runners also suffer knee injuries, but a more common problem for
runners is stress fracture, which is a weakening of the front of the shinbone caused by o-
veruse，with pain ant possible bone cracking as the result. Ligament teats are more com-
mon in gymnastics. Almost all these conditions heal with rest. Prevention of injuries de- pends primarily on good conditioning. Athletes are also protected by the use of better pad-
ding materials ant of face masks and eye protectors in rough sports.
The improper or illegal use of drugs and substances for the temporary improvement of
athletic performance in competitions has been a frequent subject of inquiry since the 1960s，when drug misuse by athletes to gain an unfair advantage began to rise dramatical-
ly. Anabolic steroids supposedly improve strength and endurance, but they can also have
harmful side effects as liver damage. Tests for drugs such as heroin and other stimulants
were introduced at the Olympic Games in 1968. Anabolic steroids were not banned until
1974, when a suitable test was developed. The illegality of some drug has not been ac- cepted by a number of other international and national amateur athletic federations, for rea-
sons including testing uncertainties, doubts about banning certain medicinal substances or
common drugs such as caffeine, and simple lack of concern. Controversy has also arisen
over the legality of th e practice of “blood doping，’’ in which an athlete receives a blood transfusion just before an event. The resulting increase in red blood cells apparently
increa-
ses the athlete’s aerobic power.
51. In addition knee injuries, what will also heal with rest?
52. Wh at does the word “slit” in Para 1 most probably mean?
53. When were the tests for drugs used at the Olympic Games?
54. According to the passage, drug misuse by athletes is considered as ________________ .
55. Controversy arises over the illegality of some common drugs due to ______________ .
Part IV: English-Chinese translation (15%)
Directions: Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.
Write your answers on the ANSWEr SHEET.
Doing a Ph. D. is certainly not for everybody, and I do not recommend it for most
people. However, I am really glad I got my Ph. D. rather than just getting a job after fin-
ishing my Bachelors. The number one reason is that I learned a hell of a lot doing the
Ph.
D.，and most of the things I learned I would never get exposed to in a typical software
en-
gineering job. [56] The process of doing a Ph. D. trains you to do research: to read re-
search papers, to run experiments，to write papers，to give talks. It also teaches you
how
to figure out what problem ne㊀ds to be solved. You gain a very sophisticated technical background doing the Ph. D.，and having your work subject to the intense scrutiny of
the
academic peer-review process —not to mention your thesis committee.
I think of the Ph. D. a little like the Grand Tour, a tradition in the 16th and 17th
centu-
ries where youths would travel around Europe, getting a rich exposure to high society
in
France, Italy, and German about art, architecture, language, literature, fencing, riding
—
all of the essential liberal arts that a gentleman was expected to have experience with to be
an influential member of society. Doing a Ph. D. is similar: You get an intense exposure every subfield of Computer Science, and have to become the leading world's expert in the
area of your dissertation work. [57] The top Ph. D. programs set an incredibly high bar: a lot of coursework, teaching experience, qualifying exams，a thesis defense，and of course making a groundbreaking research contribution in your area. Having to go through
this process gives you a tremendous amount of technical breadth and depth…
Some important stuffs learned doing a Ph. D•:
How to read and critique research paper. As a grad student you have to read thou-
sands of research paper, extract their main ideas, critique the methods and presentation,
and synthesize their contributions with your own research. As a result you are exposed to a
wide range of Cs topics, approaches for solving problems, sophisticated algorithms, and
system designs. This is not just about gain the knowledge in those papers (which is pretty
important)，but also about becoming conversant in the scientific literature.
How to write papers and give talks. Being fluent in technical communication is a really
important skill for engineers. I’ve noticed a big gap between t he software engineers I’ve
worked with who have Ph. D. s and those who don’t in this regards. [58] Ph. D.- trained folks tend to give clears well-organized talks and know how to write up their work
and visualize the result of experiments. As a result they can be much more influential.
How to run experiments and interpret the results. I carTt overstate how important this
is. a systems-oriented Ph. D. requires that you run a zillion measurements and present the
results in a way that is both bullet-proof to peer-review criticism (in order to publish) and
visually compelling. Every aspect of your methodology will be critiqued (by your advisor,
your co-authors, and your paper reviewers) and, you will quickly learn how to run the right
experiments, and do it right.
[59] How to figure out what problem to work on: This is probably the most important
aspect of Ph. D. training. Doing a Ph. D. w川force you to cast away 什om shore and ex-
plore the boundary of human knowledge. (Matt Might’s cartoon on this is a great visualiza-
tion of this. ) i think that at least 80% of making a scientific contribution is figuring out what
problems to tackle: a problem that is at once interesting, open, and going to have impact if
you solve it. There are lots of open problems that the research community is not interested
in (c. f.，writing an operating system kernel in Haskell). There are many interesting prob-
lems that have been solved over and over and over (c. f.，file system block layout optimi-
zation ；wireless multi hop routing). There’s a real trick to picking good problems, and de-
veloping a taste for it is a key skill if you want to become a technical leader.
[60] So i think it’s worth having a Ph. D.，especially if you want to work on the har-
dest and most interesting problems. This is true whether you want a car㊀er in academia, a
research lab, or a more traditional engineering role. But as my Ph. D. advisor was fond of
saying, “doing a Ph. D. costs you a house. ”(In terms of the lost salary during the Ph.
D. years —these days it’s probably more like several houses.
Part V: Writing (20%)
Directions: You are asked to write an essay on the following topic:
Many universities and colleges offer qualifications through some sort of distance learn-
ing using the internet, rather than by face-to-face contact in a classroom.
In your opinion, do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages of
learning in this way?
You should write at least 250 words.
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your argu-
ments with examples and relevant evidence.。