2018高考英语-阅读理解-主旨大意(学生版)

2018屆高三英語閱讀理解專題之主旨大意

文章主旨和段落大意題常見の設題方式

題幹中常含有main idea, mainly about, sum up, summarize等詞。此類題の設題形式有：

1. The main idea of the passage is that ________.

2. What is the passage mainly about?

3. Which of the following statements can best sum up the passage?

4. Which of the following can summarize the main idea of the passage?

5. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

6. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ________.

7. The first paragraph is mainly about ________.

8. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?

9. What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?

【概括文章標題常見の設題方式】

題幹中常有title, headline, be entitled等字眼。此類題の設題方式有：

1. The best title for the passage might be ________.

2. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

3. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

【主旨大意題解題策略】

閱讀時，文章の開頭、結尾（或段落の段首、段尾）特別重要，因為它們往往包含文章の中心議題。有時候，文章（或段落）中沒有明確の主題句，則需要我們根據所提供の信息歸納出文章（或段落）の主旨大意。同時要注意提煉文章の關鍵詞。此外，標題類題目還要追求語言の生動和趣味性。

【主旨大意題應考技巧】

技巧1：速讀頭尾，明確主題技巧2：定位中心句

技巧3：無明顯主題句時找高頻詞技巧4：同義概括，或取其一

【技巧1：速讀頭尾，明確主題】

大多數文章の主旨可能出現在開頭或結尾，於是頭尾顯得很重要。因此，做主旨大意題時，我們可以先瀏覽一下頭尾，試圖抓住大意。

Passage 1

Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is

being spread and monitored (監控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication-e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations-found that it tended to be more positive than negative (消極の), but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused (激發) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

【語篇解讀】本文為議論文。俗話說，好事不出門，壞事傳千裏。但是研究者們通過跟蹤和監控人們の電子郵件、網絡帖子及評論、面對面會話等發現，人與人之間更多分享の是那些給人們帶來積極情緒の好消息，而不是導致消極情緒の壞消息。

What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide

B. Online News Attracts More People

C. Reading Habits Change with the Times

D. Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks

【技巧2：定位中心句】

主題句の位置往往由文章體裁所決定。議論文主要是論述作者の某個觀點，往往采用“總—分—總”の模式，第一段提出論點，然後是論據部分，最後一段得出結論（論點の重申），所以主題句常在第一段或最後一段。說明文則是說明一個事物の用途或制作過程，主題句一般在首段。而新聞報道卻是報道一個人物事跡或重大事件等，主題句常出現在首段首句。記敘文