退化喀斯特森林自然恢复评价研究

　第36卷第6期

2000年11月

林业科学

SCIENT IA SI LVA E SI NICAE

Vol .36,N o .6

Nov .,2000

退化喀斯特森林自然恢复评价研究＊

喻理飞　朱守谦

(贵州大学林学系　贵阳550025)

叶镜中

(南京林业大学　南京210037)

魏鲁明　陈正仁

(茂兰国家级自然保护区管理处　荔波558400)

摘　要:　在研究贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中群落组成、结构、功能的基础

上,提出了退化群落恢复潜力度、恢复度和恢复速度3个评价指标和计算方法,分析了退化群落在自然恢复过程中群落高度、盖度、实生株/总株数、组成结构、显著度、生物量等特征指标的恢复潜力度、恢复度和恢复速度的变化,并进行综合评价。结果表明:低一级演替阶段群落向相邻更高一级演替阶段群落恢复的潜力度最高,群落自然恢复是由低级阶段向高级阶段顺序替代过程;早期阶段恢复潜力度较高、恢复度低、速度慢,中期阶段恢复潜力度高、恢复度中等、速度快,后期阶段恢复潜力度低、恢复度高、速度慢。群落整体恢复速度低于群落各特征指标恢复速度。在群落各特征指标中,群落高度、盖度、实生株/总株数、组成结构、显著度的恢复速度高于生物量恢复速度,即群落结构恢复快于群落功能恢复。群落自然恢复对策的变化是由早期更新对策向中期结构调整对策至后期结构功能协调完善对策更替。退化喀斯特森林自然恢复40～50年可有较为正常的组成、外貌和结构,但要达到功能完全恢复则需时很长。关键词:　退化喀斯特森林,自然恢复,恢复潜力度,恢复度,恢复速度

收稿日期:1999-04-26。

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目,编号:39560021。

＊研究工作得到课题组成员、贵州大学、茂兰国家级自然保护区管理处、贵州省林勘院许多同志的支持和帮助,并承蒙周政贤教授审阅,在此一并致谢。

A STUDY ON EVALUATION OF NATURAL RES TORATION FOR

DEGRADED KARST FOREST

Yu Lifei Zhu Shouqian

(Guizh ou University Guiyang 550025)

Ye Jingzhong

(Nanjing Fo restry U niversity Nanjing 210037)

Wei Luming Chen Zhengren

(Th e Manag emen t of Ma olan Natio nal Res erve Lib o 558400)

Abstract :　Based on study of component ,st ructure ,function of degraded Karst forest in the natural restoration pro -cess in M aolan National Reserve of Guizhou Province ,three evaluation indexes such as restoration potential degree

(RP ),restoration degree (RD ),restoration speed (RS )and their calculating methods were proposed .V ariation and c omprehensive evaluation of RP ,RD and RS of community feature indexes whic h reflected c omponent ,height ,c ov -erage ,seedlings /total t rees ,dominance and biomass were analyzed .The results showed that there were the highest RP between the lower and the next to higher succession stage ,so as that natural restoration of degraded community was a process in which lower community was replaced by its next higher one successively .There were higher RP but lowest RD and slower RS in the early stage ;the highest RP ,the fast RS and moderate RD in the mid -stage ;the lowest RP ,the slowest RS and the highest RD in the late stage .The RP of community was slower than that of c ommunity feature indexes ,and the RS of total function was slower than its part one .In community feature index -es ,RS of c omponent ,height ,c overage ,seedlings /total trees and dominance were faster than that of biomass ,the fact indicated that RS of st ructure was fast than that of function .T he natural restoration st rategy was that the regenera -tion in early stage changed into the community st ructure adjustment in mid -stage ,and finally to the structure and function c oordination or improvement in late stage .The normal community c omponent ,physiognomy ,st ructure could be presented af ter 40to 50years natural restoration ,but it take a long time to restore total community function .Key wor ds :　Degraded Karst forest ,Natural restoration ,Restoration potentiality ,Restored degree ,Restoration speed