牙齿萌出PPT课件

牙齿的发育萌出 Eruption and Shedding of Teeth
Mixed Dentition: Presence of both dentitions
Figure from Ten Cate’s Oral Histology, Ed., Antonio Nanci, 6th edition
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
Problems of Primary Tooth Eruption
Natal and Neonatal Teeth
Retained Primary teeth
下颌 6 1 2
34
5
7
恒牙的萌出－小结
时间：6岁－1 2、13岁 个体差异大
顺序：上：6 1 2 4 3 5 7 8
61245378 下：6 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology. James Avery, 2nd edition
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
The rules of “Fours” for permanent tooth development (3rd molars not included)
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
Rules of “sixes” in dental development
6 weeks old in utero: beginning of dental development 6 months old: emergence of the first primary tooth 6 years old: emergence of first permanent tooth
molars) 4. 24 months: 16 teeth (3. + upper canines & lower
canines) 5. 30 months: 20 teeth (4. + lower 2nd molars & upper 2nd
molars)
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Osteopetrosis – Defect in Osteoclasts
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
牙齿的发生时间
• 胎龄3周 原始口腔 • 胎龄6周 牙板(dental lamina) • 胎龄7周 20个乳牙牙胚（tooth germ) • 胎龄4月 第一恒磨牙 • 胎龄5、6月 恒切牙、尖牙 • 出生时 第一前磨牙 • 7－8月 第二前磨牙 • 8－9月 第二恒磨牙 • 4岁左右 第三恒磨牙
Shedding of mandibular incisor
5 months
At birth
1 year
2 years
3.5 years
Figure Source: Dr. Sandra Meyers
4.5 years
The six/four rule for primary tooth emergence
Submerged primary teeth
Hyper or supra eruption
Ankylosis
Source: Color atlas of clinical oral pathology. Neville, Damm and White. 2nd edition
Congenitally Missing Teeth
（二）牙齿萌出顺序
牙位
中切牙 侧切牙 尖牙 第一乳磨牙 第二乳磨牙
乳牙的萌出时间和顺序
上颌
下颌
时间（月） 顺序
时间（月） 顺序
7.5
1
6
1
9
2
10
2
18
4
16
4
14
3
12
3
24
5
20
5
[乳牙]
顺序 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
上颌
AB
D
C
E
下颌 A
BD
C
E
乳牙的萌出－小结
• 时间：6月- 2岁半 个体差异大
骨内萌出 牙齿萌出
临床萌出
乳牙早且快，用月来计算： 688ⅠⅡ（6～８，8～12） 12 16Ⅳ（12～16） 16 22Ⅲ（16～22） 30独一份
恒牙晚且慢，用年来计算： 切牙789（7～8、8～9） 尖牙113（11～13） 双尖10 112（10～11、11～12） 磨牙6岁就见面 二磨114（11～14） 18～25磨牙全
时间（岁）
7～8
2
6～7
8～9
3
7～8
11～12
6
9～10
10～11
4
10～12
10～12
5
11～12
6～7
1
6～7
12～13
7
11～13
17～21
8
17～21
顺序 2 3 4 5 6 1 7 8
[恒牙]
顺序 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
上颌 6
12 4 5
3
7
Summary
1. By 5 months in utero, all crowns started calcification 2. By 1 year old, all crowns completed formation 3. By 2.5 years, all primary teeth erupted 4. By 4 years old, all primary teeth completed root formation
1. 生长期：特点是牙胚组织的形成，是组织 学的变化
2. 钙化期：特点是钙盐沉积，基质逐渐变硬， 通过X线片可以看到牙齿钙化的全过程。
Nolla把X线片上的恒牙钙化过程分成10个阶 段。
3. 萌出期：
特点是牙齿开始向 面而移动，直到建立 关系发挥咀嚼功能。牙齿萌出不是发育结束， 正常情况下，牙齿进入口腔时，牙根仅发育 到根长的2/3，所以，牙齿萌出后牙根继续 发育，据临床观察，乳牙根在它萌出后大约 1～1.5年牙根可以发育完成，而恒牙需要 1～3年才完成。
Four teeth emerge for each 6 months of age
1. 6 months: 4 teeth (lower centrals & upper centrals) 2. 12 months: 8 teeth (1. + upper laterals & lower laterals) 3. 18 months: 12 teeth (2. + upper 1st molars & loer 1st
• 顺序： A B D C E 差异：A－A－B－B 和 A－B－A－B
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
牙位
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
恒牙的萌出时间和顺序
上颌
下颌
时间（岁） 顺序
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
Figure from Ten Cate’s Oral Histology, Ed., Antonio Nanci, 6th edition
Figure from Ten Cate’s Oral Histology, Ed., Antonio Nanci, 6th edition
At birth, four 1st molars have initiated calcification At 4 years of age, all crowns have initiated calcification At 8 years, all crowns are completed At 12 years, all crowns emerge At 16 years, all roots are complete
Stages of tooth eruption
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology. James Avery, 2nd edition
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology. James Avery, 2nd edition