As such 用法小结
As such 用法小结
有两个主要意思。如：
(1) 表示“按照某词通用的词义”“根据某词严格的词义”。如：
It’s not an agreement as such, but it will have virtually the same effect as one. 就协议的词义而言，它算不上是协定，但实际上起到了协定的作用。
I can’t call my book a best seller as such but it’s very popular. 我不敢说我的书是畅销书，但可以说很受欢迎。
(2) 表示“就本身而论”。如：
Money as such will seldom bring happiness. 金钱本身很少带来幸福。
Money, as such, does not bring happiness. 金钱本身并不给人带来快乐。
(3) 表示“以某种身份(或资格)”“像所指的人(或事物)那样”。如：
She is a kind woman and is known as such. 她是位好心肠的女人，这是大家知道的。
He is the author of the article, but he does not desire to be known as such. 他是文章的作者，但他不想让人知道他是作者
Cf. alter, change & shift
alter 指“局部的、外表的变化, 但特点不变”, 如:
This coat should be altered. 这件外套应该改改。
还常用于再装修，如alter the bookshop into a self service grocery(将书店改成自选商店)。
值得注意的是：如果宾语是一件东西，change表示原件全部不要, 指“使改变得与原物完全不同”或“使发生以新代旧的变化”, ，alter表示在原件上改动。
We have altered the house into a barn. 我们已经把这屋改建为仓库。
He changed rooms with me. 他和我换了房。
shift 常指同一类属内的位置、方向的转变改变，或较小的改变。shift 侧重位置与方向的改变。
例句：
He is on the day/night shift 他上白/夜班。
Help me to shift the sofa away from the fire.帮我把沙发搬到离火远点的地方。
Learn to shift gear at the right moment. 要学会掌握在什么时候换挡。
chart
n. 1.图表a list, drawing, or graph showing info. in a way that is easy to understand
2.地图，航海图；
3. (占星用的)星盘
4. the charts 每周最新流行唱片排行榜
vt. 1. 记录变化、进展如：A team visits every week to chart their progress.
2. 制订（计划或方案）plan a journey or course of action
vi. If a CD charts, it sells enough copies to appear in the charts. 进入排行榜
*The ratio of students to teachers is 35:1
生和老師的比率是三十五比一。
*We divided it in the ratio 3:1
我們將它分為三與一之比
*The unemployment rate is rising in that country.
那個國家的失業率正在上升
*The car was going at the rate of 60 miles an hour.
汽車以每小時六十英里的速度行駛。
*The room rates at this motel range from $30 to $50 per day.
這個汽車旅館的房價每天從三十美元到五十美元不等。
*The proportion of imports to exports is worrying the government.
進出口的比例令政府擔憂。
*A large proportion of the country is desert.
這個國家的大部分地方是沙漠。
大致而言：
Ratio：指→某物對某物的比值(比例的數值),以數字表示
Rate：指→每計量的單位,有多少量.如例句中的：
.每百人有多少人失業
.每小時跑多少英里
.每天的房價是多少錢
Proportion：指→某成分或組成的比例.也可指某物對某物的比例
Proportion n.
. [C usually singular also + plural verb British English] part of something
a part of a number or amount, considered in relation to the whole proportion of Eg. The proportion of women graduates has increased in recent years.
Every parent is asked to contribute a proportion of the total cost.
high/large/small etc proportion
The decision affects a significant proportion of the population.
Although the majority of offenders are men, a small proportion - about 5 percent - are women.
2. relationship
[uc. and cn.] the relationship between two things in size, amount, importance etc the proportion of something to something
What's the proportion of boys to girls in your class?
in proportion to something
The rewards you get in this job are in direct proportion to the effort you put in.
ratio
a relationship between two amounts, represented by a pair of numbers showing how much
bigger one amount is than the other [? proportion]
the ratio of something to something The ratio of nursing staff to doctors is 2:1.
ratio between
the ratio between profits and incomes
Percentage noun
1 [uc. and cn.] an amount expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100
percentage of
The percentage of school leavers that go to university is about five per cent.
Tax is paid as a percentage of total income.
high/low/small percentage
A high percentage of married women have part-time jobs.
Interest rates fell by six percentage points (=6%).
The numbers are small in percentage terms (=when calculated as a percentage).
percentage change/increase etc
Crime figures showed significant percentage increases.
! If the noun that follows a percentage of is plural, use a plural verb:Only a small percentage of people are interested in politics.
2[countable usually singular] a share of the profits: She gets a percentage for every record sold.
3there is no percentage in doing something
British English informal used to say that doing something is not going to help or be useful:
There's no percentage in worrying.
Rate noun
1number
the number of times something happens, or the number of examples of something within a certain period
birth/unemployment/crime etc rate
Australia's unemployment rate rose to 6.5% in February.
a rapid increase in the divorce rate
high/low rate of something
areas with high rates of crime
success/failure rate (=the number of times that something succeeds or fails)
It's a new technique and the failure rate is quite high.
Immediately his heart rate (=the number of beats per minute) increased.
at a rate of something
Asylum seekers were entering Britain at a rate of 1,600 per day.
?birthrate, death rate
2money
a charge or payment that is set according to a standard scale at (a) ... rate
people who pay tax at the highest rate
at a rate of something
They only pay tax at a rate of 5%.
interest/exchange/mortgage etc rate
another reduction in the mortgage rate
rate of pay/tax/interest etc
Nurses are demanding higher rates of pay.
special/reduced/lower rate
Some hotels offer special rates for children.2money
a charge or payment that is set according to a standard scale at (a) ... rate
people who pay tax at the highest rate
at a rate of something
They only pay tax at a rate of 5%.
interest/exchange/mortgage etc rate
another reduction in the mortgage rate
rate of pay/tax/interest etc
Nurses are demanding higher rates of pay.
special/reduced/lower rate
Some hotels offer special rates for children.
hourly/weekly rate (=the amount someone is paid per hour or week)
What's the hourly rate for cleaning?
$20 an hour is the going rate (=the usual amount paid) for private tuition.
hourly/weekly rate (=the amount someone is paid per hour or week)
What's the hourly rate for cleaning?
$20 an hour is the going rate (=the usual amount paid) for private tuition.
动名词的用法
动名词的用法及练习 你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗 1. The girl is singing a song. 2. The girl singing now is my sister. 3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好). 一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund) Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下： 1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring. (singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow；coming 前加the) 2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes. (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。 二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子： Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。 注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。 动名词的功能与用法 一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement): 作主语 1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ） 2. Running is good exercise. （主语running) 3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking) 作主语的补语 1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing) 主语置于句尾用It + be + ... +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染). 用It is 后接no use. no good, fun 等的句型 1. It is no use learning theory without practice. 2. It is no fun being lost in rain. 用It is 后接useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型 1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration. 用There + be + no + v-ing 的句型 1. There is no joking about such matters. 2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处) 二、动名词也可以作宾语（Object) 作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面） 1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing) 2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister. (宾语quarrelling) 3. You should practice speaking English more. (宾语speaking) 注意：上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有：dislike 厌恶admit 接受repent 后悔acknowledge 承认
keep 的用法
Keep的用法： keep vt., vi. kept, keeping 保留；保守 I keep old letters.我保存旧信。 I'll keep the original copy of your report on file. 我会把你报告的原件归档的。 It's an interesting suggestion and we'll keep it on ice." 这是一项有趣的建议,我们将留待以后考虑采用。" 保持；继续 We will keep on trying and, if we get anything done, will notify you. 我们将继续努力，有结果将通知你。 Leaders shouldn't keep themselves aloof from the masses. 领导人决不应该脱离群众。 Keep calm!安静! You shouldn't keep chopping and changing like this; you'd better make up your mind right now! "你不能再这样变化无常了,最好现在就拿定主意!" 遵守 He keeps to his promise.他守约。 "Everyone should keep discipline, and you, officers are no exception." "每个人都应该遵守纪律,你们军官也不例外。" 保卫；保护 Keep the baby warm.别把婴儿冻着。（常与from连用）防止；抑制 Keep one's temper。抑制住不发脾气。 Keep a curb on your anger.请抑制住怒气。 扣留；留下 Please keep me a place in the queue.请在队里给我留个位置。 赡养；饲养 to keep a dog养狗 Farmers usually keep chickens in their backyard. 农民们通常在自己的后院养鸡。 经营；经销；管理 to keep a shop开商店 to keep house治家 （常与from连用）远离；不接触 Keep away from the scene of the accident.勿靠近事故现场。 Their dog looked dangerous, we decided to keep our distance from it. 他们家那条狗样子很凶恶,因此我们决定离它远一点。 But the stone walls keep the farmer's cows from joining his neighbor's cows. 但是石头墙使这家农民的母牛不会加入到邻居的牛群中去。
With的用法全解
With的用法全解 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式； 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例： 1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）
2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语） 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语） 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语） Without anything left in the with结构是许多英 语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 二、with结构的用法 with是介词，其意义颇多，一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪，以教材中的句子为例，进行分类，并配以简单的解释。在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。 1.带着，牵着…… (表动作特征)。如： Run with the kite like this.
英语16种时态表
精心整理|?英语16种时态表 英语时态表 英语时态表 时态 名称 结构常连用的词主要用法例句 一般现在时1由be的 isamare表 示，之后接名 词，形容词或 介词。 every…, sometime s, always,ne ver, often,usu ally等。 一般现在时表示没有时 限的持久存在的习惯性 的动作或状态，或现阶段 反复发生的动作或状态 陈述句：Iamanofficeworker. Heissolazy. Theyareathome 否定句：IamnotTim. Sheisnotverybeauiful. Theyarenotintheoffice. 一般疑问句：Areyouanofficea Isshebeautiful? 2由实意动词 V构成，引导 疑问句和否定 句，用do或 don’t。第三 陈述句：IworkinShanghai. Heworksathome. DavyneverwatchesTVathome
人称时用does或doesn’t,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称陈述句V后加s或es. 否定句:Idon’tlikethefoodinK Davydoesn’tlikethefoodinK 一般疑问句: Doyouwantacupofcoffee?Do ubwaystation? 一般过去时。1由be的过 去式是was或 were表示。 Is\am---was; are---were. ? yesterday , lastweek, anhourag o， thedaybe foreyesterday , in1997。 在过去时间里所发生的 动作或存在的状态。 陈述句：Iwasabigboss.Hewa WewereinBeijinglastyear. 否定句:Iwasnotathomeatthat Wewerenotatworkyesterday 一般疑问句:Wereyouateacher Wassheintheofficelastweek? 2由V的过去 式构成陈述 句，疑问句和 否定句用借助 于did,有did 出现动词用原 陈述句：IworkedinSunmoon WestudiedEnglishthere.Heliv 否定句:Ididn’tworkhere. Theydidn’tseeme.ShelikedE
keep的用法
1.keep +形容词 2.keep+sth/sb +形容词 3.keep +doing 一直做某事 4.keep ... from doing ... 阻止做某事。。。 5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物 6.How long may I keep this book ？ keep指借。 keep的用法小结 keep是高考常考词汇之一，其含义丰富，与其搭配的短语也很多，其主要用法如下： A、用作及物动词 （1）保留、保存、保持、留下 e.g. We'd better keep a seat for him. 我们最好给他留个座位。 He kept all the money in the bank. 他把所有的钱都存入了银行。 （2）履行（诺言）遵守 e.g. One should keep one's promise. 一个人应当遵守自己的诺言。 Everybody must keep the law. 人人都必须守法。 （3）赡养，养活，饲养 e.g. He has a large family to keep. 他有一大家人要养活。 The old man kept many animals like dogs, pigs and cats. 这位老人养了许多动物，像狗、猪、还有猫等。 （4）经营，管理
e.g. He kept a hotel in this city. 在这座城市里，他开了一家旅店。 She is good at keeping house. 她擅长管理家务。 （5）保守（秘密），记（日记、帐） e.g. All of the people keep the Spring Festival in our country. 我国所有的人都庆祝春节。 Some of them keep birthdays. 他们中有些人庆祝生日。 （7）使……处于某种状态（情况） 在这种情况下，keep常跟复合结构（keep＋宾语＋补语）。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。 e.g. He kept me waiting for half an hour. 他让我等了半个小时。 Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. 少说话，多观察。 The doctor kept me in for a week. 医生一周没让我出去。 He always keeps his books in good order. 他总是把书放得整整齐齐。 B、用作不及物动词 （1）保持、继续（处于某种状态）（keep为连系动词）
with用法归纳
with用法归纳 （1）“用……”表示使用工具，手段等。例如： ①We can walk with our legs and feet. 我们用腿脚行走。 ②He writes with a pencil. 他用铅笔写。 （2）“和……在一起”，表示伴随。例如： ①Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看电影'>电影吗？ ②He often goes to the library with Jenny. 他常和詹妮一起去图书馆。 （3）“与……”。例如： I’d like to have a talk with you. 我很想和你说句话。 （4）“关于，对于”，表示一种关系或适应范围。例如： What’s wrong with your watch? 你的手表怎么了？ （5）“带有，具有”。例如： ①He’s a tall kid with short hair. 他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。 ②They have no money with them. 他们没带钱。 （6）“在……方面”。例如： Kate helps me with my English. 凯特帮我学英语。 （7）“随着，与……同时”。例如： With these words, he left the room. 说完这些话，他离开了房间。 [解题过程] with结构也称为with复合结构。是由with+复合宾语组成。常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形： 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 例如:1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（原因状语） 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（伴随情况） 2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词 此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
keep的用法
用作动词(v.) keep about〔around〕1( v.+adv. ) 1. 继续履行职责go on with one's duties keep about〔around〕 She is very ill, but she still keeps about. 她虽然病得很重,但仍然继续工作。 2. 使手边常有have sth always present keep sth ? about〔around〕 I like to keep a few envelopes around in case I need them.我喜欢手边常有几个信封,以应不时之需。 keep about〔around〕2 ( v.+prep. ) keep abreast of( v.+adv.+prep. ) keep after( v.+prep. ) keep aloof( v.+adv. )
keep apart( v.+adv. ) keep at( v.+prep. ) keep away( v.+adv. ) keep away from( v.+adv.+prep. ) keep back( v.+adv. ) keep behind1( v.+adv. ) keep behind2 ( v.+prep. ) keep by1( v.+adv. ) keep by2( v.+prep. ) keep down( v.+adv. ) keep for( v.+prep. ) keep from( v.+prep. ) keep going( v.+adj. ) keep in1( v.+adv. ) keep in2( v.+prep. )
Keep_用法
Keep 用法知多少 keep 是英语中用法灵活的动词之一，用法归纳如下： 一、用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。如： Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静！ After the accident, he still kept alive. 这次事故之后，他仍然活着。 二、用作实义动词，可表示： 1. 保管；保存；保留。如： Keep the change. 零钱不用找了。 Please keep these things for me while I am away. 在我离开期间，请你替我保管这些东西。 2. 赡养；饲养。如： Does he earn enough to keep himself and his family? 他的收入够养活他自己和他的家人吗？ I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 我在孩提时常常养羊。 3. 经营。如： Her father kept a grocer's shop for a number of years. 她父亲开了几年杂货店。 4. 坚持；继续。后面如接动词，要用V-ing 形式作宾语。如： If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress. 如果你坚持练习英语口语，你很快就会取得很大的进步。 5. 阻止；阻碍。常用于keep sb/sth from doing sth 结构中，其中介词from 不能省略。如： The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match. 大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。 6. 保持。其后常接复合宾语，表示使（某人或某物）保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 ①keep + sb/sth + 介词。如：
with用法小结
with用法小结 一、with表拥有某物 Mary married a man with a lot of money . 马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。 I often dream of a big house with a nice garden . 我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。 The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island . 这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。 二、with表用某种工具或手段 I cut the apple with a sharp knife . 我用一把锋利的刀削平果。 Tom drew the picture with a pencil . 汤母用铅笔画画。 三、with表人与人之间的协同关系 make friends with sb talk with sb quarrel with sb struggle with sb fight with sb play with sb work with sb cooperate with sb I have been friends with Tom for ten years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him . 自从我们一起工作以来，我和汤姆已经是十年的朋友了，我们从没有吵过架。 四、with 表原因或理由 John was in bed with high fever . 约翰因发烧卧床。 He jumped up with joy . 他因高兴跳起来。 Father is often excited with wine . 父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。 五、with 表“带来”，或“带有,具有”，在…身上，在…身边之意
常见介词用法
常见介词用法： 1）at,in,on在……范围 at(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在……附近，旁边” in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on表示毗邻，接壤 to表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤Hearrivedatthestationatt en. Heissittingatthedesk. HearrivedinShanghaiyes terday. JiangsuliesintheeastofCh ina. RussialiveonthenorthofC hina. FujianistothesouthofJian gsuProvince. 2)above,over,on在……上 above指在……上方,不强 调是否垂直，与below相 对； over指垂直的上方,与 under相对,但over与物体 有一定的空间，不直接接 触。 on表示某物体上面并与之 接触。 Thebirdisflyingabovemy head. Thereisabridgeovertheri ver. Heputhiswatchonthe 3)below,under在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下，不一 定在正下方 Thereisacatunderthetabl e. Pleasewriteyournamebel owtheline. 介词短语组织形式及实例： 一、介词+名词形式 第一组 byaccident偶然 onaccountof因为，由于 inaddition另外 inadditionto除……之外 intheair在流行中，在传播 中
中考英语keep用法归纳
Keep用法归纳 在人教版初中英语教材中，keep是要求学生必须掌握的四会词之一，现将其多见用法归纳小结如下，以利于大家正确地使用该词。 一、用作及物动词 1.意为“保存；保留；保持；保守“。如： Could you keep these letters for me, please?你能替我保存这些信吗？ I“ll keep a seat for you.我给你留个座位。 It can help to keep vegetables, fruit and meat for a long time in hot summer.在炎夏的夏天，它有助于蔬菜、水果和肉类长时间保鲜。 Can you keep a secret?你能保守秘密吗？ 2.意为“照顾；养活“等。如： She kept her sister for a week while her sister was ill.她妹妹有病时，她照看她了一个星期。 I have a family to keep.我得养活一家人。 3.意为“留下；不必还“。如： You can keep the pen if you like it.你要是喜欢就把钢笔留下吧。 Keep the change.不用找零钱了。 4.意为“遵守；维护“。如： Everyone must keep the rules.人人必须遵守规章制度。 The teacher is keeping order in class.老师正在课堂上维持秩序。 5.意为“售；卖“。如： The shop keeps everything you need.那家商店里出售的东西应有尽有。
常见介词用法
常见介词用法 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
常见介词用法： 1）at,in,on在……范围 at(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在……附近，旁边” in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on表示毗邻，接壤 to表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤Hearrivedatthestati onatten. Heissittingatthedes k. HearrivedinShanghai yesterday. Jiangsuliesintheeas tofChina. Russialiveonthenort hofChina. Fujianistothesoutho fJiangsuProvince. 2)above,over,on 在……上 above指在……上方, 不强调是否垂直，与 below相对； over指垂直的上方, 与under相对,但 over与物体有一定的 空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并 与之接触。 Thebirdisflyingabov emyhead. Thereisabridgeovert heriver. Heputhiswatchonthe 3)below,under 在……下面 under表示在…正下 方 below表示在…… 下，不一定在正下方 Thereisacatunderthe table. Pleasewriteyourname belowtheline. 介词短语组织形式及 实例： 一、介词+名词形式
第一组 byaccident偶然onaccountof因为，由于 inaddition另外inadditionto除……之外 intheair在流行中，在传播中 on(the/an)average 平均，一般来说onthebasisof根据，在……的基础上 at(the)best充其量，至多forthebetter好转，改善onboard在船(车、飞 机)上 outofbreath喘不过 气来 onbusiness因公，因 事 inanycase无论如 何，总之 incaseof假使，万一 incase假如，以防 (万一)免得 innocase决不 第二组 bychance偶然，碰巧 incharge(of)负责， 主管 (a)roundtheclock昼 夜不停地 incommon共用，共 有，共同 inconclusion最后， 总之 onconditionthat 在……条件下 inconfidence信任 inconnectionwith/to 关于 inconsequence因 此，结果 inconsequenceof由 于……的缘故 onthecontrary反 之，正相反 incontrastwith/to 与……成对照 outofcontrol失去控 制
With复合结构的用法小结
With复合结构的用法小结 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二 部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下： 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词； 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词； 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语； 4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式； 5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。 下面分别举例： 1、She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语） 2、With the meal over ，we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语） 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。）The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语）He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词+不定式，作条件状语） 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）Without anything left in the cupboard，shewent out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语） 二、with结构的用法 在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。 With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如： 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、with结构的特点 1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。例如：With him taken care of，we felt quite relieved.（欣慰）→（He was taken good care of.）She fell asleep with the light burning. →（The light was burning.）With her hair gone，there could be no use for them. →（Her hair was gone.） 2. 在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。例如：He could not finish it without me to help him. 四、几点说明： 1. with结构在句子中的位置：with 结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在
incase用法小结
in case用法小结 原题如下： 1. John may phone tonight．I don't want to go out ____ he phones．（NMET 2000，春季） A．as long as B．in order that C．in case D．so that 2．I should stay in the hotel all day _____ there is news of the missing child．NMET 2000上海春季） A．in case B．no matter C．in any case D．even since 3．I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some ____ ．（NMET 2000）A．at last B．in case C．once again D．in time 以上三题答案尽管相同，但in case在三题中的词义和语法职能并不一样，其用法使人困惑。今不揣浅陋，将以上三种用法以及与in case相关的几个短语用法，一并试予介绍和讨论。拙文拟分两个部分，先介绍各个短语的词义并列举实例；再讨论各个短语用法特点、同项用法的区别以及可转换为其他句型的用法。 （一）in case作短语连词，能引导状语从句。就其词义和语法职能来分，可引导两种从句。其一：in case ／just in case引导目的状语从句作“以免，以备，以防”等解。如： He takes a torch in case it gets dark before he returns． 他带了手电筒，以备天黑以后回家之用。 I've bought a chicken in case your mother stays to lunch． 我买来一只童子鸡，以备你妈妈留下吃午饭。 I decided to stay at home just in case my friends came round． 我决定留在家里，以防朋友们不期而至。 I'll make some sandwiches in case you feel hungry on the journey． 我会做些三明治，免得你在旅途中饿着。 Buy one of his paintings now，in case they get more expensive． 现在就买下他的一幅画，以防他的画涨价。 You must be quiet in case the fish are frightened． 其二：in case接条件从句，意为“如果、万一”。如： In case we fail，we won't lose heart．万一我们失败，我们决不会失去信心。 Add more coal in case the weather is cold．如果天气冷，就添些煤吧。 In case you get home before I do，could you start preparing dinner 如果你在我之前到家，你能不能动手做饭 In case they're late，we can always sit in the bar． 要是他们来晚了，我们总可以在酒吧里坐一坐。 In case you were thinking I'd lend any money，I'll tell you now—I won't． 如果你以往认为我总是借钱给你，这回对你说明白：我不借。 Little Melanie，in case you've forgot- ten，hasn't forgiven you． 如果你忘记了，小梅兰妮是不会原谅你的。 （二）in case作副词性短语，常置于句末，表示事先准备或预防的措施，作“以防万一”解。如： She ought to be there in case．他应在那儿等着，以防万一。
keep用法
?keep at 1.坚持做…：继续某项工作或行为 ?keep down 1.压制，镇压：阻止…成长、完成或成功 Keep down prices; keep the revolutionaries down. 控制物价；镇压革命 ?keep off 躲开，避开 ?keep to 1.坚持，信守Keep to the original purpose.遵守原定宗旨 ?keep up 1.保持良好状态Kept up the property保存财产 2.保持；继续We asked her to stop talking, but she kept up. 我们请她别再说话了，但她依旧说下去 3.并行：按相同的水平或步伐继续下去 4.不落后，赶得上：赶上对手、同事或邻居，指在成就或生活方式上 Unsuccessfully tried to keep up with his associates.没能赶上他的同事们 ?you can't keep a good man (或woman) down (非正式)有能力的人是不会被挫折或问题吓倒 ?keep one's feet 站稳，不倒 ?keep goal (主英足)守球门 ?keep going (困难时）努力维持正常生活 ?keep open house 好客 ?keep to oneself 避开与人接触，独处 ?keep something to oneself 守口如瓶 ?keep up with the Joneses 与人攀比 ?keep wicket (板球)守板球门 ?keep someone after (美)（作为对小学生的惩罚）放学后留校
2016九年级英语上册重要知识点总结.docx
2016 九年级英语上册重要知识点总结 2016九年级英语上册重要知识点总结 一般现在时： 常与 always,often,soeties,everyday 连用，表示习惯或经常 反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单 数做主语时，别忘了动词的变化。注意：象”地球大，月亮 小”等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。 现在进行时： 要注意其构成：由 be+动词 +ing, 表示说话时正在进行的 动作。如： We’ restudyingnow.我们现在正在学习。 一般过去时： 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,lastyear,in1949,twoyearsago,等表示过去时 间的状语连用。注意： Weoftenwenttodancelastsuer. 有的同学一见到 often 就想到用一般现在时，其实因为后面有表示过去时间 的 lastsuer, 所以要用过去式，千万别误用了，切记，切记。 过去进行时： 显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么，常和特定的时间状语如atthattie，atsixyesterday，atthatoent，whenhecaein等连用。如：
Whenhenocedatthedoor,hisotherwascooing. 一般将来： 表示将要生的作或存在的状，常与表示将来 状如 nextyear,toorrow等用。注意：在Willyou ? ? 句中，回答必是yes,Iwill.或No,Iwon’ t而不能用yes,Ishall.No,Ishan’ t. 来回答去将来：去将来 不可以独使用，它一般在从句中作接引，表示从 去某一看来将要生的作或存在的状。如：TheytoldethattheywouldgotoworinGuangdong. 在完成： 名思，在完成表示的是已完成的作，但 作造成的影响在，常被just,already,yet等副修。 如：HehasalreadygonetoTianjin.在造成的影响是他已 不在儿了。在完成可用来表示去生的作一 直延到在，常有 for 或 since 等表示一段的状。 如： rWanghaslivedheresince1983.表示前生一次 或多次的作，我常用””来表示，常有twice,once,ever,never等状。如：I ’ veneverseenthatfil. 去完成： 我可以用” 去的去”来概括去完成，表示 去某一刻或某一作之前已完成了的作，通常与
keep 是英语中用法灵活的动词之一
keep 是英语中用法灵活的动词之一，下面笔者就其用法归纳如下： 一、用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。如： Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静！ After the accident, he still kept alive. 这次事故之后，他仍然活着。 二、用作实义动词，可表示： 1. 保管；保存；保留。如： Keep the change. 零钱不用找了。 Please keep these things for me while I am away. 在我离开期间，请你替我保管这些东西 2. 赡养；饲养。如： Does he earn enough to keep himself and his family? 他的收入够养活他自己和他的家人吗？ I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 我在孩提时常常养羊。 3. 经营。如：。 Her father kept a grocer's shop for a number of years. 她父亲开了几年杂货店。 4. 坚持；继续。后面如接动词，要用 V-ing 形式作宾语。如： If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you'll soon make great progress. 如果你坚持练习英语口语，你很快就会取得很大的进步。 5. 阻止；阻碍。常用于 keep sb/sth from doing sth 结构中，其中介词 from 不能省略。如： The heavy rain didn't keep them from watching the football match. 大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。 6. 保持。其后常接复合宾语，表示使（某人或某物）保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。 ① keep + sb/sth + 介词。如： If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你觉得手冷，就把它们放在口袋里。