关系代词基本用法

(一)只能用that不能用which
③当先行词被最高级、序数词以及


the only / the very 修饰时
This is the only book that I can find in my desk. He is the very guy that I want to talk to. The first thing that you should do is to eat sth.
宾语 He is a man________ who/that The table
/whom /Ø _______________we should all learn from.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
which /that /Ø just _______________you
saw is made of plastics.
关系代词の--- who
who: 指人，在定语从句中作主语， 或宾语 做主语不能省略
① Many people who died in the earthquake were children. ② The person who has little hair is Mr. Zhang.
(二)只能用who不能用that
(一)只能用that不能用which
5
当先行词同时指物和人时, 只能用that.
We
are talking about the people and the things that we have visited in the county.
Summary: 只能用that的情况
1. 先行词既有指人又有指物 2. 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时， 有the only, the very 等修饰时 3. 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing等不定代词时 4. 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时

(二)只能用which不能用that
①
which可以引导非限制性定语从句 ， that不能 The recorder ,which I paid 200 dollars, proves to be very useful. Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.
It
is a poor dog. Its heart is broken. It is a poor dog whose heart is broken.
The man is shouting for help . His house is on fire . The man whose house is on fire is shouting for help.
(一)只能用that不能用which
①
当先行词是不定代词时 all/none/anything/nothing/ everything
All
that can be done must be done. We should make use of everything that is useful.
I know the girl whose name is Mary. I know the girl of whom the name is Mary. I know the girl the name of whom is Mary.
总结：关系代词的用法
成分 主语 先行词指人 先行词指物
Do you know the man I couldn’t find the book ___________was bought who /that ___________ came to which /that yesterday. see Xiao Yang this morning?
注意：作宾语时关系代词可省。
1.The man who/ Ø I met today told me to come back. 2.The girl whom / Ø I met looks like Lily. 3.She is the person that / Ø I want to see. The pen which / Ø you lent me is lost. 4.The best work ________ she wrote and _______ I have read will be made into film.
A which; that B that; that
C that; /
D /;/
关系代词の--- whose
whose : 既可指人也可指物, 在定语从句中作定语
1. This is our monitor whose English is very good. 2. I borrowed a book from the library whose name is “War and Peace”.
结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句
which﹑that、who﹑whom﹑whose 关系词:1.关系代词:
2.关系副词: when﹑ where﹑why 2.关系词的三大作用：
1）. 连接主从句 意 2）. 替代先行词（关系词==先行词） 义 3）. 在从句中做成分
She is an English teacher who likes traveling. 定语从句 先行词 关系词
①
先行词是one, ones, those, anyone,he He who doesn’t work hard will not pass the exam.
关系代词の--- whom
whom: 指人，在定语从句中作宾语; 作及物动词宾语可省略, 但在介词后不可省 略。
①The girl (whom) you saw just now is my sister. ② The man whom you just talked to/with is Mr.Li. =The man to/with whom you just talked is Mr.Li. ◆类似的短语搭配有: talk about /take care of/ look for/look after/learn from/listen to等
(一)只能用that不能用which的情形
②当先行词被

all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every 修饰时 All the students that are studying in our class are from Guangdong province.
③ Who is the man that is reading a book ? ④ The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Betty.
关系代词の--- which
which: 指物,在定语从句中作主语
or宾语，作宾语时可省略.
①I lost the book which you gave me. ②This is our school which is very beautiful.
定语 Do you know the boy __________ parents are on whose
holiday? whose I’ve never been to the room ____________windows are broken.
结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句
关系代 词 who
whom
先行词
从句 成分
例句
人
人
1.The man who I met today told me to 主语 come back. 宾语 •The reporter who is talking to the worker is famous.
that
{
Rose is the student whom you should look after/take care of.
关系代词who,which, that,在从句中作 主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数 必须和先行词保持一致。 Anyone who __ over 20 can join the army. is am I ,who ____ your friend , will help you.
The girl is being taken to a hospital . Her leg broke in the earthquake .
The girl whose leg broke in the earthquake taken to a hospital .
is
This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book the cover of which is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue.
(一)只能用that不能用which的情形
④
当主句前以which / who 开头 的特殊疑问词时 (避免重复) Who is the girl that is standing over there? Which ball is the one that belongs to Mike?
宾语 The girl whom I met looks like Lily. 1.She is the person that I want to see. 主语 •The boy that has just left here is my 人；物 宾语 brother.
which
物
1.This is a book which was written by 主语 Hemingway. 宾语 •The pen which you lent me is lost.
关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：
（1）Whom, which作介词宾语时，介词一 般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句 原来的位置上，但是如果是固定词组，不 能把介词和动词拆开 in which you can study. There is a room which you study in.
(二)只能用which不能用that的情形
②
which之前可以有介词，而that不
能 I will never forget the school in which we studied together.

This is the question about which they are discussing.
(二)只能用whom不能用who
当关系代词前有介词时
The
girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
(二)能位于介词后的关系代词
Which
I
will never forget the school in which we studied together. whom. The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.
whose
The room whose window is red is mine. 人；物 定语 This is the scientist whose name is John Nash.
关系代词の--- that
that : 既可指人，也可指物，在定语
从句中作主语/宾语,且作宾语时可省略. ① A plane is a machine that can fly. ② The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.
Grammar
(关系代词之基本用法)
The Attributive Clause（定语从句）
1. 概念: 在复合句中， 修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 She is an English teacher who likes traveling. 定语从句 先行词 关系词