GREASE润滑油基本知识介绍

April, 99
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Multiservice Grease Balance of Properties 多功能滑脂的性能平衡
Water Resistance 抗水性
High temperature 高温性能
Consistency 稠度
EP/AW 极压/抗磨性
润滑脂是一种在基础油中加入2－15%稠化剂的 硬至半流体的产品。
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Composition 组成
What is grease 滑脂是什么？
• 90% oil + additives 90%的基础油和添加剂
• 10% thickener
• When a lubricant has to stay in place 当润滑剂必须呆在一个地方时
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Purpose Of A Grease 滑脂的作用
• Provide adequate lubrication 提供足够的润滑 • Protect against corrosion 抗腐蚀 • Act as a seal 密封 • Resist Leaking 阻止泄漏
• Relationship to melting point 与熔点有关
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Extreme Pressure Level 极压程度
• Four ball wear test 四球磨损试验
• Four ball EP test
Soluble: 溶液
Antioxidant 抗氧化剂 Antirust 防锈剂
Antiwear / extreme pressure 抗磨/ 极压添加剂 Antifatigue 抗疲劳添加剂 Friction modifiers 摩擦改良剂 Polymers 聚合物
Solid 固体
:
Molybdenum disulfide 二硫化钼
• Consistency is measured in tenths of a millimetre at 25癈, unworked and worked.
稠度大小用1/10 毫米数表示(25℃)，分工作前和工作后稠度
• Consistency ranges - NLGI classification (NLGI 000 - 6)
Co n si st o m e t e r
S
Reac tor
Fa ttyHale Waihona Puke BaiduAcid s
Alka li
Ba se Oil
Ad d itives
Ba se Oil
Shea r Va lve
Grea se Stora ge
Ta nk
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10%的稠化剂
Grease is typically 90% Oil plus Additives and
10% Thickener.
滑脂的典型组成是90%的基础油和添加剂加上10%的稠化剂
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Composition 组成
Types of Thickeners 稠化剂种类 • Soap 皂基 • Non-soap 非皂基
部分分离的粘土片间充满油品
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Properties Of Grease Thickeners 滑脂稠化剂性能
Maximum最高使用 Mechanical
Usage 癈 温度
Stability稳定性
Lithium * 锂
120
Lithium Complex * 复合锂
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Manufacture 生产
Conventional grease process传统滑脂生产方式
Contactor 接触器
Kettle 反应釜
Alkali + Fat
Soap + Water
碱 脂肪酸 Saponification 皂基＋水
皂化
Drying of soap 皂基干燥 Addition of oil + Additives 加油和添加剂
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When are Greases Used ? 什么时候使用滑脂
• When there is infrequent re-lubrication 当不需要频繁地润滑
• When re-lubrication is economically unjustifiable 当不能证明再润滑是经济的
外观
• Consistency
– Worked – Unworked
稠度(针入度)
－工作后 －工作前
• Dropping Point 滴点
• Stability
稳定性
– Structural－结构
– Chemical －化学
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Low Temperature 低温流动性
Corrosion Protection 防腐
Compatibility 相容性
Structure
结构稳定性
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Grease Characteristics滑脂特性
• Appearance
• Vegetable 植物油
Natural Esters 天然酯
• Viscosity Range : ISO VG 22 to ISO VG 1500 粘度范围
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Composition组成
Additives used by Mobil美孚使用的添加剂
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Composition 组成
Non Soap Thickener 非皂基 Clay 粘土
Polar Activator极性和 性剂
Polar Activator
Clay Platelet Stack 粘土片堆
Partially Separated Platelet Stack Trapping Oil
175
Clay * 粘土
175
Sodium 钠
125
Polyurea 聚脲
175
Calcium Complex 复合钙
175
Aluminium Complex 复合铝 175
Excellent极佳 Excellent Good 好 Good Poor - Good Poor - Good Good
* UsedApinriMl, o9b9il Products
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Composition组成
Base fluids used by Mobil 美孚使用的基础油
• Mineral 矿物
Paraffinic 石蜡基 Naphthenic 环烷基
• Synthetic 合成
Polyalphaolefin聚α烯烃 Ester 酯 Polyglycol 聚多元醇 Alkylated Aromatics 烷化芳香烃
Coarse mixing 粗混合
Homogeniser 搅拌器
Ultrafine mixing 超精细混合
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Filtering, 过滤 deaeration
Finishing
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Manufacture生产
Mobil conventional batch process 美孚传统批量生产方式
四球极压试验
• Timken OK load test
梯姆肯负荷试验
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Selecting a Grease 滑脂选择
Oil properties control grease properties
基础油的性能控制滑脂性能
Viscosity 粘度
Consistency 稠度(针入度)
• Consistency varies with temperature & shear stress. Is a function of - 稠度随温度和剪切力而变化，受如下两因素影响
– base stock viscosity 基础油黏度 – thickener chemistry 稠化剂的化学性能
Flow 流动性能
Oil Release 释油性
Low 低
Easy 容易
Low低
High 高
Difficult 困难 High高
Best Use 最佳使用 High Speed 高速 Light Load 低载
Low Speed 低速 Heavy Load 重载
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Structure 结构
• Consider a grease like a sponge 象块海绵 • Pores filled with oil 孔隙充满油 • Mechanical or thermal stress releases oil
机械或热力使油释放
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MAPPL grease presentation 1 搅拌器
Filter Deaerator 过滤
Grease 滑脂
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Manufacture 生产
Continuous grease process 连续生产方式
Stea m
Va c uum
Fla sh Chamber
Fi n i sh i n g Sec tion
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Selecting a Grease 滑脂选择
• Application :
– Type of mechanism – Type of distribution – Conditions of use
Graphite 石墨
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Manufacture 生产
Two Mobil processes美孚两种方式
• Batch 批量生产
- 10 ton/day
• Continuous 连续生产
2 ton/hour
April, 99
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April, 99
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Composition 组成 Soap Thickener 皂基稠化剂
碱 ＋ 脂肪酸
皂基 ＋水
Alkali + Fatty Acid
Soap + Water
Saponification
皂化
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Fatty Acids 脂肪酸 Base Oil 基础油
Water 水
Alkali 碱
Steam 蒸汽 Additives 添加剂 Soap 皂基
Base Oil 基础油
Baffles 挡板
High Speed Motor
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Contactor 接触器
Kettle 反应釜
Finishing Pump Homogeniser
Grease Technology 滑脂技术
Definition定义
A lubricating grease is a firm to semi-fluid product obtained by the dispersion of 2 to 15% of a thickening agent into a lube base oil.
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Composition 组成
Thickeners used by Mobil 美孚使用的稠化剂 • Lithium (Soap) 锂(皂基) • Lithium Complex (Soap) 复合锂(皂基) • Clay (Non-soap) 粘土(非皂基)
稠度范围－NLGI 分类( NLGI 000－6)
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Dropping Point 滴点
• Temperature at which a drop of oil falls from the orifice of a test cup 脂杯开始滴下第一滴油时的温度