翻译理论与实践 第十二节

（五） 译成表“条件”、“假设”的 分句
He would be a short-sighted commander who merely manned his fortress and did not look beyond. 谁如果只守城堡而不往远处看，那他就是一 个目光短浅的指挥员。

第十二节 定语从 句的译法
主讲：刘芳华
定语从句的译法
英语定语从句的译法主要涉及到限制性定语 从句的译法和非限制性定语从句的译法。 一、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限制作 用，与先行词关系密切，不用逗号分开。翻 译这类句子时往往可以用以下方法：

（一）前置法
把英语限制性定语从句译成带“的”的定语 词组，放在被修饰词之前，从而将复合句译 成汉语单句。 The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人都对他怕得要死。

（二）译成表“果”的分句
There was something original ,independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力， 所以他们都很喜欢。

（三）译成表“让步”的分句

2. 译成独立句
He had talked to Vice-President Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和副总统尼克松谈过话。副总统向他担保， 凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。

（3）在译文中从句前置，重复英语 关系词所代表的含义
The men had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these trifles, which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet. 这些花以前一直被这些人漫不经心地踩在脚 下，现在他们突然意识到这些小玩意的美丽 和意义了。

二、非限制性定语从句
英语非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限制作 用，只对它加以描写，叙述或解释。翻译这 类从句时可以运用下列方法： （一）前置法 The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在终于露出 了光芒。

（2）在译文中从句后置，省略英语 关系词所代表的含义
After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一 直谈到深夜。

There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的 一天是会到来的。

（二）后置法
如果从句结构复杂，译成汉语前置定语显得 太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，往往可以译 成后置的并列分句。 1. 译成并列分句，重复英语先行词 He unselfishly contributed his uncommon talents and indefatigable spirit to the struggle which today brings them within the reach of a majority of the human race.


他把自己非凡的才智和不倦的经历无私地奉 献给了这种斗争，这种斗争今天已使人类中 大多数人可以达到这些目标。
2. 译成并列分句，省略英语先行词
A good deal went on in the steppe which he –her father – did not know. 草原上发生了许多事情，他-她的父亲-并不知 道。 It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。
He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。

源自文库
（四）译成表“目的”的分句
The imperialist states maintain enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploiting the people in distant lands. 帝国主义国家维持了庞大的陆海军，用以压 迫和剥削偏远地区的人民。

He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. 他喜欢热情快乐的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲 的哥哥。

（二）后置法
1. 译成并列分句 （1）在译文中把原文从句后置，重复英语关 系此所代表的含义。 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的 弟弟。

三、兼有状语职能的定语从句

英语中有些定语从句，兼有状语从句的职能， 在意义上与主句有状语关系，说明原因、结 果、目的、让步、假设等关系。 翻译时应善 于从原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑上的关系， 然后译成汉语各种相应的偏正复句。
（一）译成表“因”的分句
We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. 我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸 收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看的很清 楚。

（三）溶合法

1. 溶合法是指把原句中的主语和定语从句融 合在一起译成一个独立句子的一种翻译方法。 由于限制性定语从句与主句关系紧密，所以 溶合法比较适用于翻译限制性定语从句。英 语中的“there be ”句型往往就是这样处理的。
There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一 个月。

There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下有人要见你。

2. 此外，还有些带有定语从句的英语复合句， 译成汉语时可将英语主句压缩成汉语词组作 主语，而把定语从句译成谓语，溶合成一个 句子。 “We are a nation that must beg to stay alive,” said a foreign economist. 一位外国经济学家说道：“我们这个国家不 讨饭就活不下去”。