考研英语语法精解 虚拟语气

考研英语语法精解 虚拟语气
考研英语语法精解 虚拟语气

考研英语语法精解虚拟语气

“It is(high) time that”或“It seems to be(high) time that...”

“It is(high) time that”或“It seems to be (high)time that...”用来表示对现在或将来事实的一种假设,从句中动词用过去式。

例句: If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. (2001年第1题)

分析:该句是复合句,it would be about time...表示与现在相反假设的主句。

译文:要是在电影院里的话,我会把头埋在双手间

痛哭一场。

例句: It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan.

(选自1998年Text 1)

分析:该句是复合句。

译文:现在是整个世界从阿斯旺水坝中吸取教训的

时候了。

表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词引导的宾语从句

表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词引导宾语从句,从句中动词为(should)+实义动词(原形)。

这类动词有:advise, suggest, propose, consent,decide, command, demand, desire, insist, move(提议), order, prefer, request, require, recommend,urge, vote(提议), ask, maintain, arrange, intend,direct。

例句: We desire that the tour leader inform us immediately of any change in plans.

分析:该句是复合句,其中短语inform sb. of sth.意为“告知某人某事”。

译文:我们希望旅游的组织者能立刻告知我们计划的变动。

例句: NBAC(National Bioethics Advisory Commission) will ask that Clinton s 90day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. (选自1999年Text 4)

分析:该句是复合句,其中that Clinton s...

及that it be made law是谓语动词ask两并列宾语从句,

同时使用了虚拟语气,介词短语on...cloning修饰ban。

译文:美国国家生命伦理咨询委员会将要求克林顿总统禁止联邦资金用于克隆人类90天的禁令无限期延长,并且有可能将此立法。

表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义名词的同位语从句或表语从句

把上述动词变成名词,其后的同位语从句或表语从句的谓语动词仍用(should)+实义动词(原形)虚拟式,其中move的名词由motion替代,其他名词形式为:advice,suggestion, proposal, consent, decision, command,demand, desire, insistence, order, preference,request, requirement, recommendation, urgency,vote, maintenance, arrangement, intention,direction。

例句: Jean Wagner s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistence that it be analyzed in a religious, as well as worldly,frame of reference.

分析:该句是复合句,that it be analyzed in a religious...是insistence的同位语从句,be前省略了should, as well as...是介词短语。

译文:琼·瓦戈纳对美国黑人诗歌研究的最杰出的

贡献是,他坚持认为不仅要以世俗的观点也要以宗教的参考框架来分析他们的诗。

It is/was+形容词+that...主语从句

在It is/was+形容词+that...主语从句中,从句谓语形式为(should)+实义动词(原形),这些形容词有:(一)一般形容词

如appropriate, essential, important,

(im)possible, natural, vital, obligatory,thoughtful, necessary, probable, preferable, urgent 等。

例句: It is essential that people be psychologically able to resist the impact brought about by transition from planned economy to market economy. (1996年第12题)

分析:该句是复合句,其中it是形式主语,that people be psychologically able to resist the impact 是真正的主语, brought about作定语修饰the impact,介词短语from planned economy to market economy修饰transition。

译文:人们应该从心理上抵制计划经济向市场经济过渡所带来的影响,这是必需的。

(二)与一些动词相对应的过去分词或特殊形容词

如suggested, proposed, consented, decided,commanded, demanded, insisted, moved, ordered,requested, required, recommended, voted, asked,maintained, arranged, intended, directed以及advisable, desirable/desired, preferable, urgent 等。

例句: It is required by law that a husband have to pay the debts of his wife until formal notice is given that he no longer has to pay them.

分析:该句是复合句,it是形式主语,真正的主语是that a husband have to pay the debts of his wife,until formal notice is given是一时间状语从句, that he no longer has to pay them在句中作notice的同位语。

译文:法律要求,丈夫必须为妻子偿还债务直到正式通知不再偿还为止。

例句: When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people turn off all power in their homes,streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.(1997年第12题)

分析:该句是复合句,主句是一主语从句,其中it 是形式主语,that the American people turn off all power...是真正的主语。

译文:爱迪生去世时,有人建议国人把家庭、街道和工厂所有的电源关掉几分钟来纪念这位伟人。

(三)表示惊讶、厌恶、不解等意义的形容词

如amazing, surprising, astonishing,interesting, odd, strange, absurd, shocked, sorry,ridiculous, incredible, annoying, astonished等。另外,此结构中形容词也可换成名词,如It is a pity/shame that...以及It is no wonder that...。

例句: It is ridiculous that a man like him should destroy his environment.

分析:该句是复合句。

译文:像他那样的人居然会破坏环境真是可笑。

lest等连词引导的目的状语从句或条件状语从句连词lest, in order that, for fear that, in case 引导的目的状语从句或条件状语从句,从句中的谓动词用(should)+实义动词或系动词(原形)。

例句: What has happened is that people can not confess fully to their dreams, as early and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing,acquisitive and vulgar.

(选自2000年Text 5)

分析:该句是复合句,that people can not confess

fully to their dreams在句中作表语, as early and openly as作状语修饰could, lest后引导一原因状语从句。

译文:如今,人们不能像以前那样轻松而公开地坦白自己的理想,唯恐别人认为自己爱出风头、贪得无厌,甚至是庸俗。

expect, believe等动词用于否定或疑问形式

expect, believe, think, suspect等动词用于否定或疑问形式时,其后的宾语从句常用(should)+实义动词或系动词(原形)。

例句: He has not put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he doesn t believe that those industrial and business management should do as they were told.

分析:该句是复合句,so...that he doesn t believe...是一结果状语从句,that those...should do as they were told作believe的宾语,as they were told作状语表示方式。

译文:他一直没有提出令人不容置疑的论断,因此他相信那些工商业的管理者不会按照他所说的去做。

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高中英语语法虚拟语气教学设计

高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码:[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

高中英语语法虚拟语气教学:The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课,授课内容为虚拟语气,授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评,大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习,学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识,复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如:I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等,并学习新的表达形式如:The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是,学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后,要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一,多数学生感到费解,因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用,并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式,有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1.知识与技能 1)复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型: I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式,尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句,掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达,特别是主句与从句时态的呈现;还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词,如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3)培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2.过程与方法 1)引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中,开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。

高中英语语法(虚拟语气)

Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气: *直陈语气(indicative mood)---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. *祈使语气(imperative mood)---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. *虚拟语气(subjunctive mood) If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实,或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1)If I were you,I wouldn't have missed the film last night. 2)If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would recover already.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) 2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变。 1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park. 2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconvenience. 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述,而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词 (如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1)But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work. 2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.。

考研英语语法大全———自己总结

考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子,要分析其结构,这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点,汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言,汉字很难写,而且有四种声调。其实,许多接触过多种外语的人都认为,英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单,是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过,语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此,学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 (一)英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异: 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定,比如“书”这个字,“一本书”、“三本书”都一样,没有词形变化。英语就不同了,book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说,学好英语就是学好动词,此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在,表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式,这就是时态。 (二)英语动词的形式: 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此,了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式: (1)动词原形:动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时,情态动词之后, 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式(简称现单三):主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式:主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词:主要用于进行时态,或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词:主要用于完成时态,或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数(现单三)的构成,见下表:

即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如:weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态:一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中,动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中,所以叫现在进行时; 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中,动词由原形do 变成have done的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态,所以叫现在完成时; 在“They always do their exercises.”中,动词用原形do 的形态,说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此,所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中,动词do 虽然用了不同的形态,其意义没有变化,而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 (三)时态详解 16个时态中,常用的有12个:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

高三年级英语语法-虚拟语气全总结

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如: If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首,变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如: If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如: What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)

英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例: If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注: 虚拟语气,条件状从倒装 状语从句中,去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外,without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及,publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.(表示可能性小)

考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(二)

凯程考研,为学员服务,为学生引路! 考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(二) 六、个别特殊短语 would rather,had rather,had better,would (just) as soon, would sooner 均作 "但愿,宁愿”讲时: (一)后接动词原形,表示现在或将来的一种主观愿望或选择 例句:1 would rather go there with you ,because you are the only person that I have been acqua in ted with. 分析:该句是复合句,定语从句that I have bee n acqua in ted with 修饰the only person。 译文:我宁愿和你一起去那儿,因为你是我在这里唯一熟悉的人。 (二)后接从句,从句动词一般用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,动词用过去完成时表示过去的愿望 例句:I d rather he stayed there,because weather is said to be somewhat worse accord ing to the n ews. 分析:该句是复合句,weather is said to be...是it is said that...的变形。 译文:我希望他待在那儿,因为据新闻报道天气将会很恶劣。 例句:I d rather you had not bee n so rude to her,she was a new comer after all. 分析:该句是复合句,其中after all意为"究竟,毕竟”,you had not been so rude to her 表示与过去事实相反假设。 译文:真希望你不要对她那么粗鲁,毕竟她是新来的。 七、as if/as though引导的方式状语从句 表示“仿佛,好像”时也用虚拟式,从句中动词用一般过去时(be用were)表示与现在 相反假设;动词用would/could/might+动词原形表示与将来相反假设;动词用过去完成时表示与过去相反假设。 例句:The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood as if their immune system —the self protect ing mecha nism aga inst disease—had crashed. 分析:该句是复合句,as if their immune system had crashed 是方式状语从句,两个破 折号间的内容是对system做进一步的解释。 译文:老鼠感染血液病毒后,似乎它们的免疫系统一一即抵御疾病的自我保护机制一—被彻底摧毁了。 例句:But it s not as if earlier times didn t know perpetual war,disaster and the massacre of innocents.(选自2006 年Text 4) 分析:该句是复合句,as if引导的方式状语从句在句中作表语。 译文:但是这不是说以前的时代没有经历过连续不断的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜。 另外,as if(as though)后面的从句也可用陈述语气,尤其在it looks/seems as if(as though)结构中。 例句:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,so it seems as if the earth is circling round the sun.

考研英语必备语法全突破——倒装

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英语语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1.可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时,名词前可加不定冠词a/an;复数时,前面可加数词,名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词,只要在单数名词之后加“s”,“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行,如:an umbrella, twelve umbrellas;a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆,如:a mouse, ten mice;a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词,如sheep,works(工厂),Chinese等,它们的单复数同形:a sheep, four sheep;a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外,还有一些可数名词只有复数形式,如clothes,trousers,cattle,police,people(人,人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词,它们的复数形式有三种可能:1)后面的部分变成复数形式:grown-ups,boy students,grandchildren。2)前面的部分变成复数形式:passers-by,lookers-on,sons-in-law。3)前、后都变成复数形式:men doctors,women drivers。 2.不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化,前面也不能加a/an,或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量,单复数表现在量词上,如:a piece of paper;two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下,不可数名词也可用a/an,表“一种”、“某种”的意思,如have a wonderful time,receive a good education,be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大,不可数名词的后面也可加“s”,如sands,ashes,waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候,特别要记住英语中有一些名词,它们无论在什么情况下,前面都不能用a/an,后面也不可加“s”,如weather,information,等。 3.有的名词既可是可数名词,也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词,既可以是可数,也可以是不可数,它们的意义有时略有不同,有时则完全不同。如:difficulty, success, time, work,paper,glass,等。 4.用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如:few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如:little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是:a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1.通常被看作单数的主语部分 1)不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2)表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin. 3)数学式子。 eg. Two plus five is seven. 4)书报杂志、国家、单位的名字。 eg. The Times is published daily. The United States is a big country. 5)前面用a kind of, a sort of或this kind of, this sort of等词组的名词。 eg. This kind of tree(s) often grows well in warm weather. 6)代词either, neither作主语。

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