高中英语语法虚拟语气的用法
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1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟: 从句动词用 过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用 were) 。
I wish I were as tall as you.
I wish I were a bird.
I wish every day were my birthday.
(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词 常用“had＋过去分词”。
d. If I w__e_re_ (be) in your position, I w__o_u_l_d_a_s_k_ (ask) for teacher’s help.
Choose one of the topics and discuss it in groups.
1. You had a dream that you were a teacher. What would you do if you were a teacher?
What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would…
If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.
Let’s go. Don’t touch anything on the table until the bell rings.
虚拟语气 If I were you, I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.
PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.
a. If Tom _h_a_d__b_e_e_n (be) more careful in the exam, he _w_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e__p_a_s_se_d_ (pass) it already.
b. If you _h_a_d__g_o_t (get) up earlier, you w__o_u_ld__h_a_v_e__ca_u__g_h_t (catch) the first train.
• One of your friend got HN1 last year. He suffered a lot. What could you do help him?
3. 与将来事实相反
从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) ＋ 动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句谓语用should(第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/ might ＋ 动词原形。
PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks
a. If there _sh_o_u__ld__b_e (be) no natural resource any more, we _sh_o_u__ld__m_a_k__e (make) use of nuclear power.
b. What _w_o_u_l_d_h_a_p__p_e_n (happen) if you _sh__o_u_ld__g_e_t_u_p_ (get up) too late tomorrow?
一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
条件 If 从句的谓语 主句的谓语形式 从句 形式
would/could/should 现在 过去时(were) /might +v. (原)
条件 If 从句的谓 主句的谓语形式 从句 语形式
would/could/should 过去 过去完成时 /might + have+ p.p.
c. If I _h_a_d_m__e_t (meet) you yesterday, we w__o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e__g_o_n_e (go) to the concert together.
Solve problems
• The students failed the English exam. Could you give him some suggestions?
I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon.
The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.
(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形 式为 “ would＋动词原形”。
注意: 主句的主语与从句的主要不能相 同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作 能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意 愿(非动物名词除外)。 但愿你立刻来。
例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与 现在事实相反。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.
If he got up early, he would be on time.
假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？ If he were to come, what should we say to him. 假如他看见我, 就会认识我。
If he should see me, he would know me.
b. If the world-war _b_u_r_s_t (burst) out again, what _w_o_u_l_d__h_a_p_p_e_n_ (happen) to our people on earth?
c. If the policeman _w_e_r_e_n_o_t_ (be not) in that room, it _c_o_u_ld__b_e_ (be) very dangerous.
(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的 话不是事实, 而是一种假设, 愿望, 怀疑或推 测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句, 也 可用于名词性从句等。
条件句表示主句的条件, 分真实条件句和 虚拟条件句两种。
a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能 实现的, 采用陈述语气。
b. 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几 乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。
e.g. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.
He insisted that I (should) be present. The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.
If he _h_a_d_d_r_i_v_e_n_ more carefully, he w__o_u_ld__n_o_t_h_a_v_e__h_a_d_ the car accident yesterday.
If I h_a_d__le_a_r_n_t how to swim,
I _w_o_u_l_d_n_o_t__h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n_ trapped in this island.
2. Suppose you won a lot of money. What would you do with the money?
If I _w_e_r_e a teacher, I….
2. 与过去的事实相反
从句的谓语用had＋过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)＋had＋过去分词的形 式； 主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would (第二、三人称) /could/might have ＋动 词过去分词。
三. if Sentence Structure ‘if ’虚拟条件句的结构
a. 表示与现在事实相反的假设 b. 表示与过去事实相反的假设 c. 表示与将来事实相反的假设
虚拟语气
1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 (1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件
状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”, 而主句中的谓 语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。 If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.
If it were fine now, I would go shopping.
PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.
a. If they Leabharlann Baidu__e_r_e (be) here, they _w_o_u_l_d_t_a_k_e_ (take) your advice.
条件 If 从句的谓语 从句 形式 未来 1. 过去时
2. should+ v. 3. were to do
主句的谓语形式
would/could/ should/ might +v. (原)
二. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中, 表示与
现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的 主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词that。
以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从 句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一 样。即：(should)＋V. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire
2019/8/17
二. ‘if ’虚拟条件句的概念
由 ‘if’ 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 ‘if’虚 拟条件句 I could easily recognize if I had seen him before. 其他虚拟条件句 Without your help, I couldn’t have finished my work on time.
虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood
2019/8/17
一. 语气的分类
英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈 述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气 用动词的不同形式来表示。 陈述语气
I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadn’t come back home yet. 祈使语气
I wish you would come soon.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
2. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。
常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建 议，四个要求。即: 1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand, require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语 气。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原 形，或者将should省略。
c. If Robots _w_e_r_e_t_o_c_o_n_t_r_o_l (control) the world some day, here _w_o_u_l_d_b_e_ (be) no friendship.
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时 间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。
I wish I were as tall as you.
I wish I were a bird.
I wish every day were my birthday.
(2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词 常用“had＋过去分词”。
d. If I w__e_re_ (be) in your position, I w__o_u_l_d_a_s_k_ (ask) for teacher’s help.
Choose one of the topics and discuss it in groups.
1. You had a dream that you were a teacher. What would you do if you were a teacher?
What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would…
If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa.
Let’s go. Don’t touch anything on the table until the bell rings.
虚拟语气 If I were you, I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.
PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.
a. If Tom _h_a_d__b_e_e_n (be) more careful in the exam, he _w_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e__p_a_s_se_d_ (pass) it already.
b. If you _h_a_d__g_o_t (get) up earlier, you w__o_u_ld__h_a_v_e__ca_u__g_h_t (catch) the first train.
• One of your friend got HN1 last year. He suffered a lot. What could you do help him?
3. 与将来事实相反
从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) ＋ 动词过去式或 were to do 或should do 形式, 主句谓语用should(第一人称) /would (第二、三人称) /could/ might ＋ 动词原形。
PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks
a. If there _sh_o_u__ld__b_e (be) no natural resource any more, we _sh_o_u__ld__m_a_k__e (make) use of nuclear power.
b. What _w_o_u_l_d_h_a_p__p_e_n (happen) if you _sh__o_u_ld__g_e_t_u_p_ (get up) too late tomorrow?
一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
条件 If 从句的谓语 主句的谓语形式 从句 形式
would/could/should 现在 过去时(were) /might +v. (原)
条件 If 从句的谓 主句的谓语形式 从句 语形式
would/could/should 过去 过去完成时 /might + have+ p.p.
c. If I _h_a_d_m__e_t (meet) you yesterday, we w__o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e__g_o_n_e (go) to the concert together.
Solve problems
• The students failed the English exam. Could you give him some suggestions?
I wish/wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon.
The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it.
(3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形 式为 “ would＋动词原形”。
注意: 主句的主语与从句的主要不能相 同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作 能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意 愿(非动物名词除外)。 但愿你立刻来。
例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与 现在事实相反。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.
If he got up early, he would be on time.
假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？ If he were to come, what should we say to him. 假如他看见我, 就会认识我。
If he should see me, he would know me.
b. If the world-war _b_u_r_s_t (burst) out again, what _w_o_u_l_d__h_a_p_p_e_n_ (happen) to our people on earth?
c. If the policeman _w_e_r_e_n_o_t_ (be not) in that room, it _c_o_u_ld__b_e_ (be) very dangerous.
(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说话人所说的 话不是事实, 而是一种假设, 愿望, 怀疑或推 测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句, 也 可用于名词性从句等。
条件句表示主句的条件, 分真实条件句和 虚拟条件句两种。
a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能 实现的, 采用陈述语气。
b. 虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几 乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。
e.g. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.
He insisted that I (should) be present. The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.
If he _h_a_d_d_r_i_v_e_n_ more carefully, he w__o_u_ld__n_o_t_h_a_v_e__h_a_d_ the car accident yesterday.
If I h_a_d__le_a_r_n_t how to swim,
I _w_o_u_l_d_n_o_t__h_a_v_e_b_e_e_n_ trapped in this island.
2. Suppose you won a lot of money. What would you do with the money?
If I _w_e_r_e a teacher, I….
2. 与过去的事实相反
从句的谓语用had＋过去分词, 构成If I (we, you, he, they)＋had＋过去分词的形 式； 主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would (第二、三人称) /could/might have ＋动 词过去分词。
三. if Sentence Structure ‘if ’虚拟条件句的结构
a. 表示与现在事实相反的假设 b. 表示与过去事实相反的假设 c. 表示与将来事实相反的假设
虚拟语气
1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 (1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设, 条件
状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be 动词的过去式用were)”, 而主句中的谓 语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。 If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.
If it were fine now, I would go shopping.
PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.
a. If they Leabharlann Baidu__e_r_e (be) here, they _w_o_u_l_d_t_a_k_e_ (take) your advice.
条件 If 从句的谓语 从句 形式 未来 1. 过去时
2. should+ v. 3. were to do
主句的谓语形式
would/could/ should/ might +v. (原)
二. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 1. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中, 表示与
现在或过去的事实相反, 或对将来的 主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词that。
以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从 句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句 也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一 样。即：(should)＋V. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire
2019/8/17
二. ‘if ’虚拟条件句的概念
由 ‘if’ 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 ‘if’虚 拟条件句 I could easily recognize if I had seen him before. 其他虚拟条件句 Without your help, I couldn’t have finished my work on time.
虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood
2019/8/17
一. 语气的分类
英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气: 陈 述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气 用动词的不同形式来表示。 陈述语气
I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadn’t come back home yet. 祈使语气
I wish you would come soon.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
2. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。
常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建 议，四个要求。即: 1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand, require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语 气。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原 形，或者将should省略。
c. If Robots _w_e_r_e_t_o_c_o_n_t_r_o_l (control) the world some day, here _w_o_u_l_d_b_e_ (be) no friendship.
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时 间不同而不同, 这叫做混合条件句。