铝水合金制氢反应及其影响因素

摘要

铝是地壳中含量最多的金属元素，来源广泛，价格低廉，密度低。铝与水反应制氢，也可作为一种氢气存储的有效手段，储氢值高达11.1%(质量分数)反应产物环境友好，副产物可以回收。本文在阐明了铝水解反应机理及铝合金活化机理的基础上利用机械球磨法制备各个样品，通过一系列实验分析讨论了球磨时间、不同的合金元素比对于盐铝合金制氢性能的影响，如通过制氢反应得到的产氢量、产氢率以及产氢速率来确定制氢效率最好的合金，并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等检测方法确定合金中的合金元素的存在状态、铝合金的氧化情况以及反应产物类型。通过这一系列的分析与讨论，去了解铝合金制氢性能的影响因素和可以提高铝合金制氢性能的方法。

关键词：球磨，铝水反应，氯化钠，稼，铟，锡

Abstract

Aluminum is the most abundant metal element in earth crust with low price and density and wide source.The reaction of aluminum with water can generate hydrogen,thus to be an effective method of hydrogen storage. Itshydrogen storage factor is up to 11.1% which is higher than 9%,the value set by U.S. Department of Energy forhydrogen storage. Therefore,aluminum is a rather preferred hydrogen carrier,as well as an ideal hydrogen storagemedia for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. By-products of the reaction are environmental friendly and can be recycled.The essay,at the foundation of the hydrolysis mechanism and activation mechanism of aluminum,gets the different samples by the mechanical ball milling method and discusses many factors that influence the reaction of aluminum alloy and water,including the milling time,different ratio of alloying elements by a series of experiments and data analysis. for example,Collect hydrogen in the Aluminum alloy’ reaction with water and compare the rate,volume and velocity of hydrogen generation to determine the best efficiency of hydrogen generation alloy.Besides,we use X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the existing state of alloy elements in the alloys ,the oxidation of aluminum alloys and the type of reaction products.thus,we get profound understanding about how to increase the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen production quantity.

Key words：ball milling,Al/H2O reaction ,sodium chloride,stannum,gallium,indium

目录

摘要...................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................... II 目录

第一章绪论 (1)

1.1 氢能源简介 (1)

1.1.1 国内外氢能源研究开发现状 (1)

1.1.2 氢能源的应用及特点 (3)

1.2 制氢系统 (4)

1.2.1 制氢方法 (4)

1.2.2 储氢方法 (7)

1.2.3 安全性 (7)

1.3 铝水反应制氢的研究 (8)

1.3.1 铝水反应特点 (8)

1.3.2 铝水反应水解及活化机理 (9)

1.3.3 提高制氢性能的方法 (11)

1.3.3.1 铝与其他金属的合金化 (11)

1.3.3.2 用碱作为反应促进剂 (12)

1.3.3.3 用盐作为反应促进剂 (12)

1.3.3.4 用氧化物作为反应促进剂 (13)

1.3.3.5 综合采用碱和氧化物或盐为促进剂 (14)

1.4 本实验的研究背景、目的意义及内容 (15)

1.4.1 研究背景 (15)

1.4.2 研究的目的和意义 (16)

1.4.3 研究内容 (16)

第二章实验 (16)

2.1 实验原料及设备 (16)