by the time 的用法
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• ［解析］ 答案为C。 主句用了一般将来时，根据时态 一致原则排除B和D。 根据句意“截止到他意识到的时 候，他已经走进了一个陷阱”可知，空档最好填现在完 成时。
• 4. （2009北京卷） When I talked with my grandma on the phone， she sounded weak， but by the time we _____ up， her voice had
been full of life.
A. were hanging B. had hung
• 到明年毕业时，我就在这里呆了五年了。
• By the time the Olympic Games start, we will have finished/ finish the construction. 我收到他信时，他已经离开上海了.
3. 如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况， （主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know, find, believe等表示认 知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句 不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。 例如：
• C. has started D. must have started
• 4. ―Did you see Xiao Li at the party？ ―No，_____by the time I arrived.
A. she’d left B. she’s left
• C. she was left D. she must leave
A. shall stay
B. have stayed
• C. will have stayed D. have been staying
• 3. Hurry up！ By the time we get to the church， the marriage service_____.
A. had started B. will have started
Jane还未回到家，等到Jane在将来的某个时间 回到家以前，她的aunt将已经赴伦敦参加一个会 议去了，故用将来完成时。
• By the time you have finished this book, your meal ___ cold.(2012四川卷)
• A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting
A. shall have been sleeping
• B. shall have slept
• C. shall sleep D. shall be sleeping 2. By the time you arrive in London， we ___in
Europe for two weeks.
• 到14岁的时候，爱因斯坦就已经自学完了高等数学。 By the time he returned home，the rain had
stopped. 等他回到家时，雨已经停了。 • By the time I got to the station，the train had already
gone。 By the time l got home，they had already left。
• 到约翰做完作业时，她的同学将已离开去伦踢足球了。 By the time you get back，I shall have finished
the work. • 到你回来时，我将已经把活做完了。
By the time I get home，they will have left。
• By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years.
• The injured man was fairly far gone by the time the ambulance arrived.
• 救护车到时那伤者已生命垂危.
• By the time he is ten, he has outgrown his older brother.
• 他十岁的时候就已经长得比他哥哥高了。
He was out of breath by the time he reached the top. 登上顶端 时，他气喘吁吁。
By the time the bus came，so many people were waiting that it was a free fight to get on it. 公共汽车来的时候，等车的人很 多，成了一场挤车的混战。
• C. hung
D. would hang
• ［解析］ 答案为C。 当我与祖母通电话时，
她听起来很虚弱，但是当我们挂断电话的时候， 她的声音已经充满活力。 by the time后的主句 用了过去完成时，因此空档处最好用一般过去时。
• 5. （2011辽宁卷） By the time Jack returned home from England， his son _____from college. A. graduated B. has graduated
By the time
• by the time意为“到……时候（为止）”，是一个介词 短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。它 的主要用法如下： 1. 如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句 中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动 作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。例如： By the time he was fourteen years old，Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.
• 1. （2005天津卷） By the time Jane gets home， her aunt _____for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves
• C. will have left D. left
• ［解析］ 答案为C。 从gets home可知
By the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.出国那年他14岁。
By the time he realizes he has walked into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it
• By the time I received his letter, he had left Shanghai.
• By the time he was 12, he had traveled to more than 30 countries to get his diseases cured.
• ［解析］ 答案为B。 进门之前电话铃一直在响，
但当我进门的时候，它停止了。 but前面分句的动作是 先发生的，而且延续的时间较长，故用was ringing。
• （2008山东卷） By the time he realizes he _____into a trap， it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
By the time the war was over , death and suffering were to be seen everywhere.
在战争结束的时候，到处可见死亡和饥饿。 这里没有“死亡和饥 饿”已经完成的意思，只是描述当时这个时间点的状况。所以用过 去时。
• By the time we arrived the meeting was over. 我们到达时，会议已结束了。
Leabharlann Baidu
5. By the time I saw the angry expression on his
face，I_____ what I had to face.
A. knew
B. have known
• C. would know D. had known
• （2008四川卷） The telephone_____， but by the time I got indoors，it stopped. A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung
• C. had been D. had graduated
• ［解析］ 答案为D。 截止到Jack从英国返家， 他的儿子已经大学毕业了。回家用了一般过去时， 大学毕业发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
• 1. By the time you arrive home， I_____， so please don’t make any noise when you come in.
• 2. 如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时 （表示将来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时， 表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完 成”。 By the time John finishes his homework， his classmates shall have left to play football.
• 4. （2009北京卷） When I talked with my grandma on the phone， she sounded weak， but by the time we _____ up， her voice had
been full of life.
A. were hanging B. had hung
• 到明年毕业时，我就在这里呆了五年了。
• By the time the Olympic Games start, we will have finished/ finish the construction. 我收到他信时，他已经离开上海了.
3. 如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况， （主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know, find, believe等表示认 知的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态，不用完成时态。）此时主句 不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when。 例如：
• C. has started D. must have started
• 4. ―Did you see Xiao Li at the party？ ―No，_____by the time I arrived.
A. she’d left B. she’s left
• C. she was left D. she must leave
A. shall stay
B. have stayed
• C. will have stayed D. have been staying
• 3. Hurry up！ By the time we get to the church， the marriage service_____.
A. had started B. will have started
Jane还未回到家，等到Jane在将来的某个时间 回到家以前，她的aunt将已经赴伦敦参加一个会 议去了，故用将来完成时。
• By the time you have finished this book, your meal ___ cold.(2012四川卷)
• A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting
A. shall have been sleeping
• B. shall have slept
• C. shall sleep D. shall be sleeping 2. By the time you arrive in London， we ___in
Europe for two weeks.
• 到14岁的时候，爱因斯坦就已经自学完了高等数学。 By the time he returned home，the rain had
stopped. 等他回到家时，雨已经停了。 • By the time I got to the station，the train had already
gone。 By the time l got home，they had already left。
• 到约翰做完作业时，她的同学将已离开去伦踢足球了。 By the time you get back，I shall have finished
the work. • 到你回来时，我将已经把活做完了。
By the time I get home，they will have left。
• By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years.
• The injured man was fairly far gone by the time the ambulance arrived.
• 救护车到时那伤者已生命垂危.
• By the time he is ten, he has outgrown his older brother.
• 他十岁的时候就已经长得比他哥哥高了。
He was out of breath by the time he reached the top. 登上顶端 时，他气喘吁吁。
By the time the bus came，so many people were waiting that it was a free fight to get on it. 公共汽车来的时候，等车的人很 多，成了一场挤车的混战。
• C. hung
D. would hang
• ［解析］ 答案为C。 当我与祖母通电话时，
她听起来很虚弱，但是当我们挂断电话的时候， 她的声音已经充满活力。 by the time后的主句 用了过去完成时，因此空档处最好用一般过去时。
• 5. （2011辽宁卷） By the time Jack returned home from England， his son _____from college. A. graduated B. has graduated
By the time
• by the time意为“到……时候（为止）”，是一个介词 短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。它 的主要用法如下： 1. 如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句 中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动 作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。例如： By the time he was fourteen years old，Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.
• 1. （2005天津卷） By the time Jane gets home， her aunt _____for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves
• C. will have left D. left
• ［解析］ 答案为C。 从gets home可知
By the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.出国那年他14岁。
By the time he realizes he has walked into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it
• By the time I received his letter, he had left Shanghai.
• By the time he was 12, he had traveled to more than 30 countries to get his diseases cured.
• ［解析］ 答案为B。 进门之前电话铃一直在响，
但当我进门的时候，它停止了。 but前面分句的动作是 先发生的，而且延续的时间较长，故用was ringing。
• （2008山东卷） By the time he realizes he _____into a trap， it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
By the time the war was over , death and suffering were to be seen everywhere.
在战争结束的时候，到处可见死亡和饥饿。 这里没有“死亡和饥 饿”已经完成的意思，只是描述当时这个时间点的状况。所以用过 去时。
• By the time we arrived the meeting was over. 我们到达时，会议已结束了。
Leabharlann Baidu
5. By the time I saw the angry expression on his
face，I_____ what I had to face.
A. knew
B. have known
• C. would know D. had known
• （2008四川卷） The telephone_____， but by the time I got indoors，it stopped. A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung
• C. had been D. had graduated
• ［解析］ 答案为D。 截止到Jack从英国返家， 他的儿子已经大学毕业了。回家用了一般过去时， 大学毕业发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
• 1. By the time you arrive home， I_____， so please don’t make any noise when you come in.
• 2. 如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时 （表示将来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时， 表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完 成”。 By the time John finishes his homework， his classmates shall have left to play football.