(完整版)高铁应急管理

摘要

近年来，我国高速铁路迅速发展，但是突发事件在高速铁路的运营过程中时有发生，若不能及时正确处理，极易造成车毁人亡的重大行车事故，对国家和社会造成巨大损失和恶劣影响。世界各国为了应对多种突发事件，都制定了合理可行的应急管理体系。而应急预案在高速铁路应急管理体系中属于一个细分层面，是应急方法与应急资源的集合，换一种说法，在各铁路局编制的应急预案被看做是应急管理体系成果的集中体现，涉及了各类突发事件协调组织、应急资源的适用、人员和组织机构的职责、救援方法等。

高速铁路具有速度快，运量大，密度高的优点，但如果高速铁路发生事故，所产生的后果会极为严重。因此，如何加强高速铁路的应急管理能力，保证高速铁路运输安全始终是铁路运输工作中的重中之重。

本文在分析了国内外高速铁路应急管理成果的基础之上，就高速铁路应急管理相关问题进行深入研究，研究内容如下：

（1）分析了铁路安全风险管理的概念、性质与影响，阐述了铁路应急管理的定义及原则，并研究风险管理和应急管理之间的联系。

（2）对我国高速铁路应急管理体系的现状进行分析，结合应急预案在应急管理体系中的核心地位，列举了近年来高速铁路运营中应急处置案例，总结其应急处置的相关经验。

（3）构建了以应急预案为核心要素的指标评价体系，对我国现有的应急预案体系进行评价，发现其中的不足，并给出改进的意见和建议。

关键词：高速铁路,应急管理,风险管理,应急预案

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of the high-speed railway in our country, but the sudden events in high speed railway operations occur from time to time, if not timely and correct treatment, extremely easy to cause the car crash of a major traffic accident, to the state and society caused huge losses and adverse effects. Countries in the world to respond to a variety of emergencies, have developed a reasonable and feasible emergency management system. And emergency plans in railway emergency management system belongs to a subdivision level, is a collection of methods of emergency and emergency resources, change a kind of view, seen as a concentrated expression of the results of the emergency management system in the railway bureau to prepare contingency plans, coordination of the organization involved in all kinds of emergency events, emergency resource application, staff and organization of duties, rescue methods.

High speed railway has the advantages of high speed, large volume and high density, but because of these advantages, but also caused a high-speed railway accident, then it will face serious consequences. Therefore, how to strengthen the emergency management of high-speed railway, and ensure the railway transportation safety is always the most important railway transportation work.

Based on the analysis of the emergency management results of high-speed railway at home and abroad, this paper makes a deep research on the emergency management of high-speed railway, and the research is as follows:

(1) this paper analyzes the concept and nature of railway safety risk management, and expounds the definition and principle of railway emergency management, and studies the relationship between risk management and emergency management..

(2) of the emergency management system of our country current situation analysis, elaborated the emergency plan in the emergency management system in the core status, cited in recent years high speed railways in emergency case, summed up the experience of the emergency.

(3) was constructed in emergency plan evaluation of our existing system of contingency plans, the evaluation index system of the core elements, find the deficiencies, and gives the improvement opinions and suggestions.