英语虚拟语气的几点特殊用法

英语虚拟语气的几点特殊用法
英语虚拟语气的几点特殊用法

虚拟语气的几点特殊用法

1、在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如:

1)if I were you,I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.如果我是你,我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。(从句与现在事实相反,主句与过去事实相反。)

2)if he had followed the doctor\s advice,he would recover already.如果他遵照医生的劝告,现在病就好了。(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)

2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should移到句首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变。例如:

1)had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park.如果能抽出时间,我们很乐意逛公园。

2)were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconvenience.假如没有发现电,现代世界将很不方便。

3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述,而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词(如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。例如:

1)but for your advice,I would not be able to do this work.要不是你的劝告,我是不会做这份工作的。

2)victor obviously doesn’t know what\s happened,otherwise he wouldn’t have made such a stupid remark.显然维克多不知道发生了什么事情。不然的话,他就不会说这样愚蠢的话了。

4、在一些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或\"should +动词原形\"表示虚拟语气。这类动词有ask,demand,insist,order,propose,move,desire,require等。例如:

1)they demanded that the aggressor troops(should)be withdrawn immediately.他们要求立即撤出侵略军。

2)i moved that he(should)be discharged for his serious mistake.我建议,由于他犯有严重错误,应解除他的职务。

5、在\"would(had)rather(would sooner,would as soon)+宾语从句\"句型中,要求后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。但这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设,而是一种尚未实现的愿望,其从句谓语动词用一般过去时。例如:

1)i would rather you came next Friday.我希望你下周五来。

2)i\d just as soon you didn’t speak rudely to her.我真希望你别对她那么粗鲁地讲话。

6、在和idea,necessity,plan, motion,order,proposal,recommendation,suggestion,under- standing等词有关的同位语或表语从句中,谓语动词用动词原形或\"should +动词原形\"表示虚拟语气。例如:

1)m y idea is that the group(should)hold another session to discuss the problem.我的意见是小组召开另一次会议来讨论这个问题。

2)emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives to be attained be taken into account before starting a new project.我们强调在开始制定一个新的计划之前,必须把要达到的所有目标都考虑进去。

7、在某些\"it is +形容词+that...\"句型中,如\"it is important(necessary,essential, natural,desirable,unusual,pity,strange)that...\",that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词均用动词原形或\"should +动词原形\"来表示虚拟语气。例如:

1)it is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college.人们迫切地希望能给这个学院派一个新院长。

2)it is strange that the girl(should)be so arrogant.真奇怪,这个女孩竟会如此傲慢。

8、在\"it is ordered(suggested,demanded,moved,planned等)+that...\"这个句型中,that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气形式,谓语动词用动词原形或\"should +动词原形\"。例如:

1)it is moved that Lucy give a performance at the party.有人提议露茜在晚会上表演一个节目。

2)it was suggested that more teachers (should)be sent there to help them.有人建议派更多的老师去那儿帮助他们。

9、as if /though可以引出一个状语从句也可以引出一个表语从句。当as if /though跟在be,feel,look,seem ,sound等系动词之后时,引导的是表语从句;

如果主句的谓语动词不是联系动词be等,as if /though引导的则是方式状语从句。无论是哪种类型的从句,只要从句的内容是不真实的,都必须用虚拟语气。当从句表示与现在的事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反要用\"had +过去分词\";表示与将来可能相反的则用\"would(could,might)+动词原形\"。例如:

1)i feel as if i were going to faint.我感到我像要昏过去似的。(与现在事实相反的表语从句)

2)she cried as if her heart could be broken.她哭的好像心都要碎了。(与将来可能相反的主语从句)

10、在it is(about /high)time引导的定语从句中,也可以根据需要使用虚拟语气,用以表示\"(此刻)该做......而没有做\"的意思,其谓语动词用过去时或\"should +动词原形(用should时,不能将其省略)\"。例如:

1)it is time i should leave.我该走了。

2)it is about time that you got(should get) dressed.你该穿衣服了。

11、if only引导的是省略了表示结果的主句的虚拟结构,现在已成为惯用法,表达愿望。从句用过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望;对过去没有实现或不能实现的愿望,从句就用过去完成时。这类句型表示一种不真实的条件,常译成\"要是......就好了!\"例如:

1)if only i had taken mother\s advice.我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。

2)if only i could speak several foreign languages.我要是能讲几种外语就好了。

12、在以in order that,so that,lest引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气。从句中的谓语动词用\"may(might)+动词原形\"或\"should +动词原形\"。在以lest引导的从句中,谓语动词用\"should +动词原形\"。例如:

1)she stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her sick mother.她在家里呆了好几天,以便能照顾生病的母亲。

2)the teacher explained the sentences again and again in order that the students could understand them clearly.老师一再解释这些句子以便学生能够清楚地理解。

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If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be putoff. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 4.错综时间虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If I were you, I would have gone home. If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better. 状语从句 1. 方式状语as if(as though) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) He looks at me as if I were mad. (2) He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:It looks as if our side is going to win. 2. 目的状语in order that,so that , lest ,for fear that等 从句谓语动词用" may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. (2) We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us. 3. 连词引导的条件状语从句:

高考虚拟语气用法详解()

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虚拟语气用法归纳

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虚拟语气的特殊用法教学提纲

虚拟语气的特殊用法

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虚拟语气用法归纳文件管理序列号:[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]

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虚拟语气用法 虚拟语气用法
概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想, 而不表示客观存在的事实, 所说的是一个条件, 不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分 为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
应用条件
在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或 某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的 主观想法,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。
在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表 示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 例: If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点,他 将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果 他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。 (真实) If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你, 我马上就会去。(非真实, 虚拟语气) If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气,人就会死亡。 (非真实,虚拟语气)
用法及动词形式
从句
If+主语 +did If+ 主语+did 主语 were) ( be 动词 were )
主句
与现在事实相反
主语+should/would/ 主语 +should/would/ could/might+do

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