英语国家概况英国教育

Comprehensive Schools
Grammar Schools
Public schools
Secondary modern
Schools
Grammar schools
▪ The oldest schools in the UK (Shakespeare) ▪ Reserved for students who got high marks in
the Eleven Plus examination or selected by other means ▪ Concerned with the business of getting ready for the examinations ▪ Some are academically among the best schools in England.
Four most famous public schools
Eton College
Rugby School
rʌgbi 拉格比
Harrow School Winchester College
Eton College
Eton College is a private secondary school in Berkshire County in southern England. The preparatory school was founded by King Henry VI in 1440. A statue of Henry VI stands in the courtyard of the college.
▪ When state secondary education was reorganised on comprehensive lines in the 1970s, the direct grant was phased out and the schools required to choose between becoming maintained comprehensive schools or fully independent schools. Forty-five schools, almost all Roman Catholic, joined the state system, and a few closed. The rest (including all the secular schools) became independent, and mostly remain as highly selective independent schools.
▪ Subjects learned ▪ Examinations before graduation
➢ O Level / A level
Secondary modern schools
▪ Designed for the majority of pupils----those who do not achieve scores in the top 25% of the eleven plus examination.
英语国家概况英国教育
British Education
Education is a vital concern throughout Britain because a highly developed nation depends upon educated professionals and a skilled workforce. The literacy rate in Britain is one of the highest in the world at over 99 percent.
Harrow School, institution of secondary and higher education, in Harrow on the Hill, now a part of greater London. The late medieval school wawk.baidu.com re-endowed in 1572 by John Lyon.
Comprehensive secondary schools
▪ A comprehensive school is a secondary school or state school for children from the age of 11 to at least 16 that does not select children on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude.
▪ State funded secondary education was arranged into a structure containing three types of school, namely: grammar school, secondary technical school and secondary modern school.
Ages: 3-13
Kindergarten / Nursery Schools: 3-5
Kindergarten / Nursery Schools: 3-5
Co-educational
Infants’ school/ Three terms Private School: 5-
First School: 5-7 with holidays 7/8
Distribution of grammar schools in the UK.
Manchester Grammar School, the most famous of the direct grant grammar schools
Direct grant grammar school
▪ A direct grant grammar school was a selective secondary school in England and Wales between 1945 and 1976 funded partly by the state and partly through private fees. One quarter of the places in these schools were directly funded by central government with the rest attracting fees, some paid by the Local Education Authority and some by private pupils. On average they received just over half of their income from the state.
Direct grant grammar school
▪ The status was introduced by the Education Act 1944 as a modification of an existing direct grant scheme to privately endowed schools. There were 179 direct grant grammar schools, which together with over 1200 grammar schools maintained by local authorities formed the most academic tier of the Tripartite System. They varied greatly in size and composition, but on average achieved higher academic results than either maintained grammar schools or independent schools.
Eleven Plus examination
▪ Usually, it consisted of three papers:
▪ Most children took the Eleven Plus transfer test examination in their final year of primary school: usually at age 10 or 11.
at Christmas,
Easter,
summer
Junior School: 7-11
Pre School: 7/8-13
An Infants’ School Campus
A private School Campus
Secondary Education
State schools
Independent schools
the Tripartite System
▪ The Tripartite System /traɪ`pɑːtaɪt/ was the arrangement of state funded secondary education between 1944 and the 1970s in England and Wales, and from 1947 to 2009 in Northern Ireland. It was an administrative implementation of the Education Act 1944 and the Education Act (Northern Ireland) 1947.
Education System
Basic Education
Higher Education
Elementary Secondary Education Education
Universities & Colleges
State Elementary Education
Ages: 5-11
Public Elementary Education
▪ It was formally abolished in England and Wales in 1976 giving way to the Comprehensive System.
▪ However, elements of similar systems persist in several English counties such as Kent which maintains the grammar school system alongside comprehensive schools. The system's merits and demerits, in particular the need and selection for grammar schools, proved to be a contentious issue at the time and still remain so.
▪ Teachers are free to develop their own ideas, depending on the equipment and the qualifications.
Wetherby High School, a typical secondary modern school in Wetherby, West Yorkshire
▪ Pupils were allocated to their respective types of school according to their performance in the Eleven Plus examination.
▪ It was the prevalent system under the Conservative governments of the 1951 to 1964 period, but was actively discouraged by the Labour government after 1965.