前出师表中英文对照

前出师表（中英文对照）

The First Memorial of Troops in a Campaign（The First Northern Expeditionary Memorial）

作者：诸葛亮

译者：卢胜建，修订于2014/9/14

臣亮言：

Your Majesty! I, Zhuge Liang, have to say:

先帝创业未半而中道崩殂(cú)，今天下三分，益州疲(pí)弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。然侍卫之臣不懈(xiè)于内，忠志之

士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗(yí)德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义（适合恰当)，以塞(sè)忠谏之路也。[2]

The former emperor started the huge task of reunification, but he passed away on the way when a half of his task hadn't been finished yet. Now as China falls into three kingdoms and the financial resources of the people of Yizhou province are lacking,

this is truly a time of national crisis. However, the officials at Court don't slack off and the soldiers are daring regardless of personal danger on the battlefield, presumably because they remember the former emperor for the special feel appreciated and want to repay for his kindness by serving Your Majesty loyally. Your Majesty really should hear a wide range of opinions, carry forward the virtues of the former emperor, inspire people who have lofty ambitions, and should n’t just undervalue yourself or say some improper words that would lead to stopping up loyal criticisms.

宫中府中，俱为一体，陟(zhì )罚臧(zāng)否(pǐ)，不宜异同。若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下

平明之理，不宜偏私，使内外异法也。

Inside the palace and court, the ministers are a whole. Therefore, reward and punishment shouldn’t be different for the merits and demerits. If someone commits crimes in violation of the law or loyally does good deeds, he should be referred to the competent officer to determine the punishment or reward. This will show strict and impartial governance of Your Majesty. Your Majesty shouldn’t have favoritism and selfishness that will result in different ways for carrying out reward and punishment inside the palace and court.

侍中、侍郎郭攸(yōu)之、费祎(yī)、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗(wèi)陛下。愚以为宫中之事，事

无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨(bì)补阙漏，有所广益。

Imperial advisors and assistant ministers like Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and others are honest and good people, their aspirations and thoughts are loyal and for this reason the former emperor chose them to assist Your Majesty. In my humble opinion, Your Majesty should discuss all big or small state affairs with them before implementing, because this will be used to overcome shortcomings or omissions and can obtain many benefits.

将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰能，是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必

能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。

General Xiang Chong, whose character is right and conduct is rational, is proficient in the military affairs. In former days, the former emperor praised him as a talented person after his probation, so everyone appraised and recommended him to be the prefect of the Royal Guards. In my humble opinion, all military affairs should be discussed with him, if so, the army should be certainly harmonious, and advantages and disadvantages should be properly placed.

亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛

恨于桓（huán）、灵也。侍中、尚书、长(zhǎng)史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之信之，则汉室之隆，可计

日而待也。