太阳能热水器控制装置本科

摘要

随着新世纪人类的发展，节能环保成为了二十一世纪的关键词，能源危机环境污染成为全球性的危机，清洁能源与可再生能源成为人们最关注的主题。太阳能取之不尽、用之不竭、干净且无污染，因此，积极鼓励太阳能的应用具有非常大的意义。本文将设计一种适合于家用、高性能的太阳能热水器控制装置，实现多种自动化功能，使用方便、人性化。该设计绿色环保，符合国内低碳经济，具有可持续发展性。这一设计将鼓励太阳能热水器更广泛的使用，从而推动低碳能源的利用，环保节能。

本论文在介绍传感器、单片机、时钟芯片的特点基础上，详细描述了太阳能热水器的工作原理和设计方案。这里根据太阳能热水器对控制器的要求，提出了以ATmeg16单片机为检测控制核心，结合SD2200实时时钟，控制水温水位的定时设定，并利用液晶显示屏实时显示时间、温度、水位等信息，五个按键可以实现对水温和水位的设定。

全文分三大部分。第一部分包括第一章，描述太阳能的应用意义和前景发展状况，并将太阳能热水器与燃气热水器等做出相应的比较，突出太阳能热水器的优势与更广阔的发展前景。第二部分包括第二章，描述太阳能系统组成及本设计的相应技术指标和要求。第三部分包括第三、四章硬件设计及电路原理和软件设计，分别介绍了单片机的结构与要求，温度传感器的特点及应用、水位检测结构的原理，以及显示器的结构等等，都是此款太阳能热水器的理论基础和必要前提。

关键词：太阳能热水器单片机温度传感器实时时钟

Abstract

With the development of human race during the new century, energy conservation and environmental protection becomes one of the most important things in 21st century. Clean and renewable energy sources are stepping on to the stage of the new century. As a result, it would be of great significance to use solar energy which is both clean and inexhaustible in certain areas. This paper proposes a design of a smart solar water heater controller which could realize several kinds of automatic functions to make the use more convenient and humanized. I believe that this design of smart controller would encourage the use of solar water heater.

On the basis of the introduction to the solar energy, sensor and SIM, this paper gives the detail information of the working principle of solar water heater and also describes the design scheme. According to the characteristics of the controller and the function of the solar water heater, the controller is based on ATmega16, SD2200, and LCD, realizing the function of real time display to show the value of temperature and water level. Moreover, users could set the temperature and the water level by 6 different bottoms on the controller.

This article is divided into 3 parts. Part One includes Chapter 1 introducing the use and perspective of solar energy. Part Two includes Chapter 2 and 3 and describes the structure and use of solar water heater. Part three, including Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, introduces the design of hardware and software and the theory of the circuit as well. All of the theories above make up of the foundation of this design of smart solar water heater controller.

Key Words： solar water heater temperature sensor real clock SCM

目录

第一章绪论.............................................................. - 1 -

1.1国际太阳能热水器的发展现状 (1)

1.2中国太阳能热水器行业的发展概况 (3)

1.3太阳能热水器的应用及其意义 (4)

1.4论文的主要工作 (6)

第二章太阳能热水器的结构及工作原理 ....................................... - 8 -

2.1太阳能热水器综述 (8)

2.2太阳能热水器智能控制装置的主要功能 (9)

2.3太阳能热水器智能控制器的主要技术指标 (11)

2.3.1 温度检测........................................................ - 11 -

2.3.2 水位检测........................................................ - 11 -

2.3.3 可控水泵和热泵 .................................................. - 11 -第三章太阳能热水器智能控制器的硬件设计................................... - 13 -

3.1太阳能热水器的基本控制原理 (13)

3.3温度检测部分 (16)

3.3.1温度传感器DS18B20简介........................................... - 17 -

3.3.2 DS18B20与单片机接口............................................. - 19 -

3.3.3 DS18B20工作时序................................................. - 19 -

3.3.4温度标定与精度处理............................................... - 21 -

3.3.5 DS18B20温度传感器的多点测量..................................... - 22 -

3.4时钟电路部分 (22)

3.4.1 SD2200系列实时时钟芯片简介...................................... - 22 -

3.4.2 SD2200的工作原理................................................ - 23 -

3.4.3时钟芯片与单片机接口电路......................................... - 24 -

3.4.4时钟芯片的工作时序............................................... - 24 -

3.5水位检测部分 (26)

3.5.1 水位检测原理.................................................... - 26 -

3.5.2 水位检测装置.................................................... - 26 -

3.6键盘电路部分 (28)

3.6.1 键盘电路........................................................ - 28 -

3.7显示器部分 (28)