基于单片机的智能水族箱控制系统_鱼缸

摘要

随着人们物质生活的改善和欣赏能力的提高，观赏鱼缸之类的工艺产品逐渐进入了家庭和宾馆、商场等公共场所。但是，目前市场上的观赏鱼缸的水温检测、液位控制、水循环、喂食等操作都需要人为的手工进行，这就给人们带来了很大的麻烦和不便。

本文通过对目前大多数水族箱控制设备应用现状的分析和研究，提出了一种多功能的观赏鱼缸智能控制系统的设计方案。该控制系统基于89系列单片机的家庭水族箱控制系统。整套系统以STC89C51单片机为核心芯片，结合传感器技术、继电器原理、C语言编程等技术，集多种控制功能于一体，包括恒温、自动照明、自动换水、自动喂食、自动水循环等，并可根据需要增加控制参数，通过选择不同元器件控制成本。本文从功能设计、元器件选择、硬件电路设计和软件设计等几个方面对该控制系统进行阐述。

通过较长时间的运行测试，表明该控制系统运行稳定可靠、操作简单方便、具有多种节电工作模式。同时该系统设计灵活、结构简单、成本低廉，易于规模化生产，可广泛用于家庭和宾馆等安装观赏鱼缸的场所。

关键词自动控制；单片机；水族箱；传感器技术

I

Abstract

With the improvement of people's material life and appreciating ability,such crafts as aquarium gradually enter houses and public places like hotels and department stores.But as for the aquariums found in the present markets,water temperature testing,water level control,water recycling and food feeding are all manually performed,bringing about a lot of troubles and inconveniences.

This dissertation analyzes and studies the current applications of most aquariums' control devices and makes out a design of multi-functional intelligent control system in aquarium.The control system based on the 89 Series MCU family aquarium control system.The entire system to the STC89C51 MCU as the core chip,combined with the sensor technology, the relay, C language programming technology, set a variety of control functions, including temperature, automatic lighting, automatic water changing, automatic feeding, automatic water circulation and so on, and may need to increase the control parameters, through the selection of different components of cost control. This article from the function design, components selection, hardware circuit design and software design aspects of the control system are described.

Through long time operation test, indicates that the control system is stable and reliable,the operation is simple and convenient, has a variety of energy-saving operation mode. At the same time, the system of flexible design, simple structure, low cost, easy to scale production, can be widely used in families and hotels and other places of installation of ornamental fish.

Keywords automatic control Series MCU aquarium sensor technology

II

目录

摘要 ..................................................................................................................... I Abstract .................................................................................................................. II 第1章绪论 .. (1)

1.1 选题背景 (1)

1.2 国内外研究现状及发展趋势 (2)

1.3 主要研究内容 (3)

1.4 课题研究的步骤 (4)

第2章鱼缸智能控制系统的总体设计 (5)

2.1 概述 (5)

2.2 系统的设计要求 (5)

2.3 系统总体方案与功能 (6)

2.3.1 鱼缸智能控制系统的功能组成与控制参数 (6)

2.3.2 系统的硬件结构框图 (7)

2.4 主要元器件的选取 (8)

2.4.1 单片机的选取 (8)

2.4.2 键盘控制和LCD数码显示驱动芯片的选取 (10)

2.5 语言工具的选取 (11)

2.6 本章小结 (12)

第3章系统的硬件设计 (13)

3.1 硬件总体结构 (13)

3.2 各模块硬件设计 (14)

3.2.1 时钟电路设计 (14)

3.2.2 键盘控制与显示模块设计 (15)

3.2.3 温度控制模块 (16)

3.2.4 其他模块设计 (17)

3.3 继电器控制模块 (18)

3.3.1 继电器的原理 (18)

3.3.2 继电器的选用 (19)

3.4 电路原理图及电路板设计 (19)

3.5 本章小结 (20)

第4章系统的软件设计 (21)

III