法学外文翻译

法学外文翻译
法学外文翻译

外文翻译

First, to prevent the construction of the field of peasant wages in arrears problem, according to "Labor Contract Law", "Construction Law", "the State Council on the question of migrant workers to solve a number of views" and "Beijing wage payment requirement" in light of the actual situation in Beijing, enactment of this circular. Second, the notice applies to administrative areas in the city engaged in housing construction and municipal infrastructure construction general contracting of construction companies, professional services sub-contracted companies and enterprises (hereinafter referred to as building construction enterprises) and to establish labor relations Farmer workers.

Three, building construction enterprises should be set up in the bank-specific wage margin accounts, special happened Wages for migrant workers to pay the wages of emergency support. Construction general contracting business wage margin not less than 100 million, professional services sub-contracted enterprises and enterprises of not less than 500,000 yuan.

Capital account opening should be approved by the construction administration department and director of Labor and Social Security Administration Department approval and be filled within 30 days.

Four, the construction general contracting business, professional contractors at the project location should be set up for services rendered a dedicated bank account, earmarked for payment of labor subcontracting companies for services rendered. A dedicated reserve account funds should be disbursed monthly to protect the use of labor subcontracting enterprises wage migrant workers.

Friday, labor subcontracting enterprises should start the real-name system cards at banks set up special accounts wages of migrant workers with the wages of migrant workers to open a special bank account business outlets signed "on behalf of peasant wages hair Agreement", by the labor contracting business from the labor special account will be a monthly wage of migrant workers the wages of migrant workers to enter the dedicated account, earmarked for payment of the wages of migrant workers. Sixth, building construction enterprises in this circular should be issued within 30 days will be dedicated deposit accounts, special accounts for services rendered and the wages of migrant workers dedicated bank account to prove the building materials were reported to the competent administration department and Department of Labor and Social Security Administration. New capital enterprises shall apply for Beijing at the record, the newly established enterprises in the application for qualification, the new projects started within 15 days at the above-mentioned special account for the corresponding bank receipt to be reported.

Municipal building construction enterprise and the central provinces and cities outside the building and construction enterprises special accounts should be paid the bank deposit receipt submitted to the Urban Construction Committee; district (county) is a corporate bond should be paid special receipt account reported to the bank district (county) Construction.

Construction general contracting business, professional contractors for services rendered should be a dedicated bank account for receipt of the report projects the location of district (county) Construction. Labor should be in accordance with the nearest sub-enterprises, to facilitate the principle of selection of a district (county) Department of Labor and Social Security Administration will be issued by Bank of wages of migrant workers to open a certificate of special accounts to be reported. Seven, labor subcontracting enterprises should be full real-name system management system, to enter the construction site at 7 days prior to the completion of the work of staff record the real-name system for migrant workers for the real-name system cards, to ensure that the peasant workers in one card in hand, and commissioned on behalf of the bank will pay the wages through the wages of migrant workers into account the real-name system-specific card, to ensure that migrant workers receive wages in full monthly.

Eight, to take against the public order of society means and methods to ask for wages or salary review to obtain the name of the contract price to solve economic (civil) disputes, the Ministry of Public Security goalkeeper society in accordance with the law against the officers deal with public order, protection of the normal work order; Department of Labor and Social Security administration and construction administration department director will be in accordance with their respective functions, solve the problem of migrant workers wages.

nine, construction enterprises and migrant workers to sign labor contracts to the escrow package, unable to determine the wage standards, enterprises have to provide proof of payment of wages, attendance records and other evidence of obligations. Building construction enterprises should not refuse to provide or provide evidence overdue, Department of Labor and Social Security Administration can provide evidence of workers to be identified and ordered the construction enterprises to pay the deadline.

Ten, construction enterprises set up in accordance with this circular margin wage dedicated accounts, special accounts for services rendered and the wages of migrant workers dedicated account by the construction administration department in charge of the construction industry in mind the market of credit information systems, or in serious cases of arrears of wages of migrant workers act based on "building construction enterprises in Beijing labor and employment and wage payment management Interim Provisions" to be addressed.

Building construction enterprises do not record the real-name system for staff, the use of migrant workers scattered by the construction administration department director of its people per 1 500 standard be fined, the circumstances are serious, limiting their contract for new works, and remember the market of construction industry credit information system. Eleven, the notice from the date of implementation.

为防止农民工资拖欠问题领域的建设,根据“劳动合同法”,“建筑法”,“国务院关于农民工的问题,解决的若干意见”和“北京市工资仅在北京,本通函的制定实际情况支付规定“。其次,该通知适用于行政区域在城市从事房屋建筑和建筑公司的市政基础设施工程施工总承包,专业服务分包公司,企业(以下简称建筑施工企业),并建立劳动关系的农民工。三,建筑施工企业应当建立在银行的具体工资保证金账户,特别的事发生农民工工资支付应急保障的工资。施工总承包企业的工资保证金不少于100万美元,专业服务分包企业不低于50万元的企业。资本账户开放应该由建设行政主管部门的劳动和社会保障行政部门批准,主任批准,并在30天内填补。四,施工总承包企业,专业承包在项目位置,应设立提供一个专门的银行账户,专项用于支付劳务分包企业提供服务的服务。一个专门的储备账户的资金应当按月发放,以保护使用劳务分包企业工资的农民工。

劳务分包企业应在银行设立农民工专用账户的工资与农民工的工资开始实名制卡,打开一个特殊的银行账户营业网点签订“代农民发工资协议”,由劳动力从劳动专户承包业务将成为农民工外出务工的工资,每月工资进入专用账户,专项用于支付农民工工资。

建筑施工企业在本通函应在30天内将予发行的专用存款账户,专用账户提供服务和农民工专用银行账户的工资证明的建筑材料被报告给主管行政部门劳工部和和社会保障局。新资本企业应当在备案申请北京,新设立企业申请资质时,新开工项目在15天内在上述专户相应的银行收据予以报道开始。

市建筑施工企业和中央省市建筑施工企业专用账户以外,应支付提交市建委的银行存款收据;区(县)是公司债券应支付报告给银行区(县)建设专用收据账户。施工总承包企业,专业承包的劳务费应该是接到举报的专用银行账户项目区所在地(县)建设。劳动应按照最接近的子企业,以便于选择一个区(县)劳动和社会保障行政部门将农民工工资的银行发出开立专用帐户的证书是原则报道。

劳务分包企业应全面实行实名制管理系统,在您完成工作人员记录的工作为农民工的实名制卡实名制的进入施工现场7天,确保农民工一卡在手,并委托代表银行将通过农民工工资支付的工资考虑到实名制专用卡,以确保农民工工资领取全额月。

采取对社会的手段和方法公共秩序索要工资或薪金检讨,以取得合同价格的名字,以解决经济(民事)纠纷,公安部门将社会部根据对法律人员处理公共秩序,保护正常的工作秩序的;劳动和社会保障行政部门和建设行政主管部门主管部门将按照各自职能,解决农民工工资问题。

施工企业和农民工签订劳动合同的代管包,无法确定工资标准,企业必须提供支付工资,考勤记录和义务等证据证明。建筑施工企业不得拒绝提供或提供的证据逾期,劳动和社会保障行政部门可提供工人被识别的证据,并责令施工企业支付的最后期限。

设立建筑业企业按照本通函工资保证金专用账户,专用账户的劳务费和农民工专用账户由建设行政主管部门负责建筑行业的初衷工资信用信息系统,或市场拖欠农民工工资的严重的案件采取行动基于“建筑施工企业在北京劳动用工和工资支付管理暂行规定”予以处理。

建筑施工企业不记录工作人员的实名制,利用分散其每1500个标准被罚款人的建设行政主管部门的农民工,情节严重的,限制其合同的新作品,并记住建筑行业信用信息系统的市场。

外文翻译

Load and Ultimate Moment of Prestressed Concrete Action Under Overload-Cracking Load It has been shown that a variation in the external load acting on a prestressed beam results in a change in the location of the pressure line for beams in the elastic range.This is a fundamental principle of prestressed construction.In a normal prestressed beam,this shift in the location of the pressure line continues at a relatively uniform rate,as the external load is increased,to the point where cracks develop in the tension fiber.After the cracking load has been exceeded,the rate of movement in the pressure line decreases as additional load is applied,and a significant increase in the stress in the prestressing tendon and the resultant concrete force begins to take place.This change in the action of the internal moment continues until all movement of the pressure line ceases.The moment caused by loads that are applied thereafter is offset entirely by a corresponding and proportional change in the internal forces,just as in reinforced-concrete construction.This fact,that the load in the elastic range and the plastic range is carried by actions that are fundamentally different,is very significant and renders strength computations essential for all designs in order to ensure that adequate safety factors exist.This is true even though the stresses in the elastic range may conform to a recognized elastic design criterion. It should be noted that the load deflection curve is close to a straight line up to the cracking load and that the curve becomes progressively more curved as the load is increased above the cracking load.The curvature of the load-deflection curve for loads over the cracking load is due to the change in the basic internal resisting moment action that counteracts the applied loads,as described above,as well as to plastic strains that begin to take place in the steel and the concrete when stressed to high levels. In some structures it may be essential that the flexural members remain crack free even under significant overloads.This may be due to the structures’being exposed to exceptionally corrosive atmospheres during their useful life.In designing prestressed members to be used in special structures of this type,it may be necessary to compute the load that causes cracking of the tensile flange,in order to ensure that adequate safety against cracking is provided by the design.The computation of the moment that will cause cracking is also necessary to ensure compliance with some design criteria. Many tests have demonstrated that the load-deflection curves of prestressed beams are approximately linear up to and slightly in excess of the load that causes the first cracks in the tensile flange.(The linearity is a function of the rate at which the load is applied.)For this reason,normal elastic-design relationships can be used in computing the cracking load by simply determining the load that results in a net tensile stress in the tensile flange(prestress minus the effects of the applied loads)that is equal to the tensile strength of the concrete.It is customary to assume that the flexural tensile strength of the concrete is equal to the modulus of rupture of the

网络营销外文翻译

E---MARKETING (From:E--Marketing by Judy Strauss,Adel El--Ansary,Raymond Frost---3rd ed.1999 by Pearson Education pp .G4-G25.) As the growth of https://www.360docs.net/doc/e010821332.html, shows, some marketing principles never change.Markets always welcome an innovative new product, even in a crowded field of competitors ,as long as it provides customer value.Also,Google`s success shows that customers trust good brands and that well-crafted marketing mix strategies can be effective in helping newcomers enter crowded markets. Nevertheless, organizations are scrambling to determine how they can use information technology profitably and to understand what technology means for their business strategies. Marketers want to know which of their time-ested concepts will be enhanced by the Internet, databases,wireless mobile devices, and other technologies. The rapid growth of the Internet and subsequent bursting of the dot-com bubble has marketers wondering,"What next?" This article attempts to answer these questions through careful and systematic examination of successful e-mar-keting strategies in light of proven traditional marketing practices. (Sales Promotion;E--Marketing;Internet;Strategic Planning ) 1.What is E--Marketing E--Marketing is the application of a broad range of information technologies for: Transforming marketing strategies to create more customer value through more effective segmentation ,and positioning strategies;More efficiently planning and executing the conception, distribution promotion,and pricing of goods,services,and ideas;andCreating exchanges that satisfy individual consumer and organizational customers` objectives. This definition sounds a lot like the definition of traditional marketing. Another way to view it is that e-marketing is the result of information technology applied to traditional marketing. E-marketing affects traditional marketing in two ways. First,it increases efficiency in traditional marketing strategies.The transformation results in new business models that add customer value and/or increase company profitability.

毕业设计外文翻译资料

外文出处: 《Exploiting Software How to Break Code》By Greg Hoglund, Gary McGraw Publisher : Addison Wesley Pub Date : February 17, 2004 ISBN : 0-201-78695-8 译文标题: JDBC接口技术 译文: JDBC是一种可用于执行SQL语句的JavaAPI(ApplicationProgrammingInterface应用程序设计接口)。它由一些Java语言编写的类和界面组成。JDBC为数据库应用开发人员、数据库前台工具开发人员提供了一种标准的应用程序设计接口,使开发人员可以用纯Java语言编写完整的数据库应用程序。 一、ODBC到JDBC的发展历程 说到JDBC,很容易让人联想到另一个十分熟悉的字眼“ODBC”。它们之间有没有联系呢?如果有,那么它们之间又是怎样的关系呢? ODBC是OpenDatabaseConnectivity的英文简写。它是一种用来在相关或不相关的数据库管理系统(DBMS)中存取数据的,用C语言实现的,标准应用程序数据接口。通过ODBCAPI,应用程序可以存取保存在多种不同数据库管理系统(DBMS)中的数据,而不论每个DBMS使用了何种数据存储格式和编程接口。 1.ODBC的结构模型 ODBC的结构包括四个主要部分:应用程序接口、驱动器管理器、数据库驱动器和数据源。应用程序接口:屏蔽不同的ODBC数据库驱动器之间函数调用的差别,为用户提供统一的SQL编程接口。 驱动器管理器:为应用程序装载数据库驱动器。 数据库驱动器:实现ODBC的函数调用,提供对特定数据源的SQL请求。如果需要,数据库驱动器将修改应用程序的请求,使得请求符合相关的DBMS所支持的文法。 数据源:由用户想要存取的数据以及与它相关的操作系统、DBMS和用于访问DBMS的网络平台组成。 虽然ODBC驱动器管理器的主要目的是加载数据库驱动器,以便ODBC函数调用,但是数据库驱动器本身也执行ODBC函数调用,并与数据库相互配合。因此当应用系统发出调用与数据源进行连接时,数据库驱动器能管理通信协议。当建立起与数据源的连接时,数据库驱动器便能处理应用系统向DBMS发出的请求,对分析或发自数据源的设计进行必要的翻译,并将结果返回给应用系统。 2.JDBC的诞生 自从Java语言于1995年5月正式公布以来,Java风靡全球。出现大量的用java语言编写的程序,其中也包括数据库应用程序。由于没有一个Java语言的API,编程人员不得不在Java程序中加入C语言的ODBC函数调用。这就使很多Java的优秀特性无法充分发挥,比如平台无关性、面向对象特性等。随着越来越多的编程人员对Java语言的日益喜爱,越来越多的公司在Java程序开发上投入的精力日益增加,对java语言接口的访问数据库的API 的要求越来越强烈。也由于ODBC的有其不足之处,比如它并不容易使用,没有面向对象的特性等等,SUN公司决定开发一Java语言为接口的数据库应用程序开发接口。在JDK1.x 版本中,JDBC只是一个可选部件,到了JDK1.1公布时,SQL类包(也就是JDBCAPI)

毕业论文英文参考文献与译文

Inventory management Inventory Control On the so-called "inventory control", many people will interpret it as a "storage management", which is actually a big distortion. The traditional narrow view, mainly for warehouse inventory control of materials for inventory, data processing, storage, distribution, etc., through the implementation of anti-corrosion, temperature and humidity control means, to make the custody of the physical inventory to maintain optimum purposes. This is just a form of inventory control, or can be defined as the physical inventory control. How, then, from a broad perspective to understand inventory control? Inventory control should be related to the company's financial and operational objectives, in particular operating cash flow by optimizing the entire demand and supply chain management processes (DSCM), a reasonable set of ERP control strategy, and supported by appropriate information processing tools, tools to achieved in ensuring the timely delivery of the premise, as far as possible to reduce inventory levels, reducing inventory and obsolescence, the risk of devaluation. In this sense, the physical inventory control to achieve financial goals is just a means to control the entire inventory or just a necessary part; from the perspective of organizational functions, physical inventory control, warehouse management is mainly the responsibility of The broad inventory control is the demand and supply chain management, and the whole company's responsibility. Why until now many people's understanding of inventory control, limited physical inventory control? The following two reasons can not be ignored: First, our enterprises do not attach importance to inventory control. Especially those who benefit relatively good business, as long as there is money on the few people to consider the problem of inventory turnover. Inventory control is simply interpreted as warehouse management, unless the time to spend money, it may have been to see the inventory problem, and see the results are often very simple procurement to buy more, or did not do warehouse departments . Second, ERP misleading. Invoicing software is simple audacity to call it ERP, companies on their so-called ERP can reduce the number of inventory, inventory control, seems to rely on their small software can get. Even as SAP, BAAN ERP world, the field of

法学毕业论文法学毕业论文参考文献精选

法学毕业论文参考文献精选 [1] 姜玉丹,苏静. 从BBS到开心网、人人网看大学生 网络行为方式的转变[J]. 中国林业教育. 2011(S1) [2] 方彩芬. 网络语言特点透析[J]. 宁波高等专科学校 学报. 2002(01) [3] W Schramm. Mass Communication[J]. Annual Review of Psychology . 1962 [4] 郑华清,黄崇珍. 从“杯具”看网络流行语的语言 变异[J]. 湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版). 2011(01) [5] Beijing University Youth Research Center (Youth Research Center,Beijing University,Beijing,100871,China). 高校BBS与SNS网站的比 较研究--以北京大学未名BBS和人人网为例[J]. 高校辅导员学刊. 2010(04) [6] 李力. 新媒体时代的网络舆情应对研究[D]. 南昌大 学 2014 [7] 华姐措. 藏族民间文化在大众传媒中的传播与发展 研究[D]. 西北民族大学 2014 [8] 王泉. 参与式文化背景下的大学生媒介素养教育[D]. 南京邮电大学 2014 [9] 邱婷婷. 微博名人头像真实性对消费者购买决策的 影响[D]. 浙江大学 2015

[10] 朱冬顺. 基于信任基础的虚拟社区内口碑再传播影响因素研究[D]. 浙江大学 2015 [11] 沈玉秋. 传播学视域下对《金枝》文化内涵的解读 [D]. 西北民族大学 2014 [12] 翟敬朋. 老人的社会功能与幸福感的关系研究[D]. 南京大学 2014 [13] 张晔. 虚拟社区中同妻群体生活适应问题的研究 [D]. 哈尔滨工业大学 2012 [14] 陆莹. 人人网中大学生自我呈现研究[D]. 哈尔滨工业大学 2010 [15] 李丽. 大学生网络购物的自我认同建构研究[D]. 哈尔滨工业大学 2010 [16] 于立华. 我国非传统社团社会功能的哲学思考[D]. 中国石油大学 2007 [17] 孟一. 微博的社会功能及其作用方式研究[D]. 广西师范学院 2012 [18] 郭修远. 学术新闻的功能与传播规范[D]. 湖南大学 2012 [19] 康晶晶. 浅析社会中的语言变异--以网络流行语为例[J]. 民营科技. 2010(06) [20] 陈原着.社会语言学[M]. 商务印书馆, 2000 [1] 周峰. 密闭微波辅助提取-HPLC测定中成药中黄芩苷及绿原酸的研究[D]. 北京化工大学 2009

外文翻译

Journal of Industrial Textiles https://www.360docs.net/doc/e010821332.html,/ Optimization of Parameters for the Production of Needlepunched Nonwoven Geotextiles Amit Rawal, Subhash Anand and Tahir Shah 2008 37: 341Journal of Industrial Textiles DOI: 10.1177/1528083707081594 The online version of this article can be found at: https://www.360docs.net/doc/e010821332.html,/content/37/4/341 Published by: https://www.360docs.net/doc/e010821332.html, can be found at:Journal of Industrial TextilesAdditional services and information for https://www.360docs.net/doc/e010821332.html,/cgi/alertsEmail Alerts: https://www.360docs.net/doc/e010821332.html,/subscriptionsSubscriptions: https://www.360docs.net/doc/e010821332.html,/journalsReprints.navReprints: https://www.360docs.net/doc/e010821332.html,/journalsPermissions.navPermissions: https://www.360docs.net/doc/e010821332.html,/content/37/4/341.refs.htmlCitations: - Mar 28, 2008Version of Record >>

毕业设计外文翻译附原文

外文翻译 专业机械设计制造及其自动化学生姓名刘链柱 班级机制111 学号1110101102 指导教师葛友华

外文资料名称: Design and performance evaluation of vacuum cleaners using cyclone technology 外文资料出处:Korean J. Chem. Eng., 23(6), (用外文写) 925-930 (2006) 附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文 2.外文原文

应用旋风技术真空吸尘器的设计和性能介绍 吉尔泰金,洪城铱昌,宰瑾李, 刘链柱译 摘要:旋风型分离器技术用于真空吸尘器 - 轴向进流旋风和切向进气道流旋风有效地收集粉尘和降低压力降已被实验研究。优化设计等因素作为集尘效率,压降,并切成尺寸被粒度对应于分级收集的50%的效率进行了研究。颗粒切成大小降低入口面积,体直径,减小涡取景器直径的旋风。切向入口的双流量气旋具有良好的性能考虑的350毫米汞柱的低压降和为1.5μm的质量中位直径在1米3的流量的截止尺寸。一使用切向入口的双流量旋风吸尘器示出了势是一种有效的方法,用于收集在家庭中产生的粉尘。 摘要及关键词:吸尘器; 粉尘; 旋风分离器 引言 我们这个时代的很大一部分都花在了房子,工作场所,或其他建筑,因此,室内空间应该是既舒适情绪和卫生。但室内空气中含有超过室外空气因气密性的二次污染物,毒物,食品气味。这是通过使用产生在建筑中的新材料和设备。真空吸尘器为代表的家电去除有害物质从地板到地毯所用的商用真空吸尘器房子由纸过滤,预过滤器和排气过滤器通过洁净的空气排放到大气中。虽然真空吸尘器是方便在使用中,吸入压力下降说唱空转成比例地清洗的时间,以及纸过滤器也应定期更换,由于压力下降,气味和细菌通过纸过滤器内的残留粉尘。 图1示出了大气气溶胶的粒度分布通常是双峰形,在粗颗粒(>2.0微米)模式为主要的外部来源,如风吹尘,海盐喷雾,火山,从工厂直接排放和车辆废气排放,以及那些在细颗粒模式包括燃烧或光化学反应。表1显示模式,典型的大气航空的直径和质量浓度溶胶被许多研究者测量。精细模式在0.18?0.36 在5.7到25微米尺寸范围微米尺寸范围。质量浓度为2?205微克,可直接在大气气溶胶和 3.85至36.3μg/m3柴油气溶胶。

英语专业毕业论文翻译类论文

英语专业毕业论文翻译 类论文 Document number:NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT

毕业论文(设计)Title:The Application of the Iconicity to the Translation of Chinese Poetry 题目:象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用 学生姓名孔令霞 学号 BC09150201 指导教师祁晓菲助教 年级 2009级英语本科(翻译方向)二班 专业英语 系别外国语言文学系

黑龙江外国语学院本科生毕业论文(设计)任务书 摘要

索绪尔提出的语言符号任意性,近些年不断受到质疑,来自语言象似性的研究是最大的挑战。语言象似性理论是针对语言任意性理论提出来的,并在不断发展。象似性是当今认知语言学研究中的一个重要课题,是指语言符号的能指与所指之间的自然联系。本文以中国诗歌英译为例,探讨象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用,从以下几个部分阐述:(1)象似性的发展;(2)象似性的定义及分类;(3)中国诗歌翻译的标准;(4)象似性在中国诗歌翻译中的应用,主要从以下几个方面论述:声音象似、顺序象似、数量象似、对称象似方面。通过以上几个方面的探究,探讨了中国诗歌翻译中象似性原则的重大作用,在诗歌翻译过程中有助于得到“形神皆似”和“意美、音美、形美”的理想翻译效果。 关键词:象似性;诗歌;翻译

Abstract The arbitrariness theory of language signs proposed by Saussure is severely challenged by the study of language iconicity in recent years. The theory of iconicity is put forward in contrast to that of arbitrariness and has been developing gradually. Iconicity, which is an important subject in the research of cognitive linguistics, refers to a natural resemblance or analogy between the form of a sign and the object or concept. This thesis mainly discusses the application of the iconicity to the translation of Chinese poetry. The paper is better described from the following parts: (1) The development of the iconicity; (2) The definition and classification of the iconicity; (3) The standards of the translation to Chinese poetry; (4) The application of the iconicity to the translation of Chinese poetry, mainly discussed from the following aspects: sound iconicity, order iconicity, quantity iconicity, and symmetrical iconicity. Through in-depth discussion of the above aspects, this paper could come to the conclusion that the iconicity is very important in the translation of poetry. It is conductive to reach the ideal effect of “the similarity of form and spirit” and “the three beauties”. Key words: the iconicity; poetry; translation

大学法学论文外文文献

本科毕业设计 (本科毕业论文) 外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目:Principle of public order and good custom application in China 文献、资料来源:期刊 文献、资料发表(出版)日期:2005.4.12 院(部):法政学院 专业:法学 班级:法学082 姓名:孙升飞 学号:2008131068 指导教师:赵维贞 翻译日期:2012.5.5

外文文献: Principle of public order and good custom application in China Principle of public order and good custom in China, not oranges change with their environment things, our country has established the principle of public order and good custom social economic, cultural and legal conditions. 1. China established a socialist market economy as the goal of the new economic system, the social structure of our country is the greatest impact would result in a new type of socialist civil society rise, it is characterized with respect to the government, it is the unofficial social structure, such as a variety of folk organization and structure, business, family, personal life, social movements are citizen society. In civil society, individual freedom space increases, the diverse values of individuals will be brought into full play, individual rights are respected. But the personal interest is not the absolute supremacy, subject to public interests and the interests of others for boundaries, and individual interest and social interest conflict is the principle of public order and good custom the birth of the objective conditions, it balance individual and social public interests, to realize citizen society entirely value. 2 .In the traditional culture, China has been paying attention to moral education, virtue and courtesy, ancient law presents the bright ethical characteristic, from which the culture is easy to accept the public order and good custom that legalized moral standards. In fact, legal and moral itself is unified and inseparable, many legal terms, such as" corruption"," bribery"," tort"," unjust enrichment", itself a reflection of a social moral consciousness. Dekin ever pointed out, not the moral law is not law. Therefore, the legal principles are the basic moral, which determines the legal provisions apply direction, deciding what should be positive law, public order and good custom principle is fully consistent with the" fair, reasonable, lawful " in the traditional legal consciousness. 3.In reality, our country has no shortage of using basic principles of judicial activities. A typical" criminal law" seventy-ninth article about analogy system:" the provisions of this law has not stipulated the crime, in accordance with the most similar sentence stipulates drunk, but shall be submitted to the Supreme People's court for approval." Analogy system judicial creativity decisions to the Supreme People's court, in fact, has given the people's court have legislative

外文翻译中文版(完整版)

毕业论文外文文献翻译 毕业设计(论文)题目关于企业内部环境绩效审计的研究翻译题目最高审计机关的环境审计活动 学院会计学院 专业会计学 姓名张军芳 班级09020615 学号09027927 指导教师何瑞雄

最高审计机关的环境审计活动 1最高审计机关越来越多的活跃在环境审计领域。特别是1993-1996年期间,工作组已检测到环境审计活动坚定的数量增长。首先,越来越多的最高审计机关已经活跃在这个领域。其次是积极的最高审计机关,甚至变得更加活跃:他们分配较大部分的审计资源给这类工作,同时出版更多环保审计报告。表1显示了平均数字。然而,这里是机构间差异较大。例如,环境报告的数量变化,每个审计机关从1到36份报告不等。 1996-1999年期间,结果是不那么容易诠释。第一,活跃在环境审计领域的最高审计机关数量并没有太大变化。“活性基团”的组成没有保持相同的:一些最高审计机关进入,而其他最高审计机关离开了团队。环境审计花费的时间量略有增加。二,但是,审计报告数量略有下降,1996年和1999年之间。这些数字可能反映了从量到质的转变。这个信号解释了在过去三年从规律性审计到绩效审计的转变(1994-1996年,20%的规律性审计和44%绩效审计;1997-1999:16%规律性审计和绩效审计54%)。在一般情况下,绩效审计需要更多的资源。我们必须认识到审计的范围可能急剧变化。在将来,再将来开发一些其他方式去测算人们工作量而不是计算通过花费的时间和发表的报告会是很有趣的。 在2000年,有62个响应了最高审计机关并向工作组提供了更详细的关于他们自1997年以来公布的工作信息。在1997-1999年,这62个最高审计机关公布的560个环境审计报告。当然,这些报告反映了一个庞大的身躯,可用于其他机构的经验。环境审计报告的参考书目可在网站上的最高审计机关国际组织的工作组看到。这里这个信息是用来给最高审计机关的审计工作的内容更多一些洞察。 自1997年以来,少数环境审计是规律性审计(560篇报告中有87篇,占16%)。大多数审计绩效审计(560篇报告中有304篇,占54%),或组合的规律性和绩效审计(560篇报告中有169篇,占30%)。如前文所述,绩效审计是一个广泛的概念。在实践中,绩效审计往往集中于环保计划的实施(560篇报告中有264篇,占47%),符合国家环保法律,法规的,由政府部门,部委和/或其他机构的任务给访问(560篇报告中有212篇,占38%)。此外,审计经常被列入政府的环境管理系统(560篇报告中有156篇,占28%)。下面的元素得到了关注审计报告:影响或影响现有的国家环境计划非环保项目对环境的影响;环境政策;由政府遵守国际义务和承诺的10%至20%。许多绩效审计包括以上提到的要素之一。 1本文译自:S. Van Leeuwen.(2004).’’Developments in Environmental Auditing by Supreme Audit Institutions’’ Environmental Management Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 163–1721

营销-外文翻译

外文翻译 原文 Marketing Material Source:Marketing Management Author:Philip Kotler Marketing Channels To reach a target market, the marketer uses three kinds of marketing channels. Communication channels deliver messages to and receive messages from target buyers. They include newspapers, magazines, radio, television, mail, telephone, billboards, posters, fliers, CDs, audiotapes, and the Internet. Beyond these, communications are conveyed by facial expressions and clothing, the look of retail stores, and many other media. Marketers are increasingly adding dialogue channels (e-mail and toll-free numbers) to counterbalance the more normal monologue channels (such as ads). The marketer uses distribution channels to display or deliver the physical product or service to the buyer or user. There are physical distribution channels and service distribution channels, which include warehouses, transportation vehicles, and various trade channels such as distributors, wholesalers, and retailers. The marketer also uses selling channels to effect transactions with potential buyers. Selling channels include not only the distributors and retailers but also the banks and insurance companies that facilitate transactions. Marketers clearly face a design problem in choosing the best mix of communication, distribution, and selling channels for their offerings. Supply Chain Whereas marketing channels connect the marketer to the target buyers, the supply chain describes a longer channel stretching from raw materials to components to final products that are carried to final buyers. For example, the supply chain for women’s purses starts with hides, tanning operations, cutting operations, manufacturing, and the marketing channels that bring products to customers. This supply chain represents a value delivery system. Each company captures only a certain percentage of the total value generated by the supply chain. When a company acquires competitors or moves upstream or downstream, its aim is

相关文档
最新文档