英语写作4主要知识点

1 Types of research

（1）According to research intention

○1Theoretical research:

it involves attempts to construct theoretical models.

○2Applied research: it seeks to investigate the

applications of these universal language rules to one

particular language.

（2）According to the source of information

○1primary /empirical/field research: it is the study of a subject through firsthand or original information

obtained from observation and investigation.

○2secondary research:it is the examination of

studies that other researchers have made of the subject

of your interest.

2 How to focus on topic

（1）following your interests. Make three lists:

----a list of subjects that you already know something

about

----a list of new subjects you wish to explore

----a list of those items on the first two lists that are

appropriate for you.

（2）breaking down large subjects

A topic is a specific area within a subject,

representing one thesis or central idea. Subjects are too

broad to be covered at length in a paper, so it should be

broken down.

3 How to ask questions?

(1) questions concerning your familiarity with the

topic/subject

(2) questions concerning your academic background or

training

(3) questions concerning the availability of library sources

(4) q uestions concerning general evaluation of a given text

or book

(5) questions concerning detailed study of a given text or

book

(6)questions concerning formulating your

proposition/main argument

(7) questions concerning outlining your thesis

4 Format of research paper

(1) title

(2) abstract 摘要

（3）introduction including Review of Literature 引言

（4）Methods研究方法

（5）Results

（6）Discussion讨论

（7）Conclusion or Recommendations结论

（8）References or Works 参考文献

（9）Appendices

6 Criteria in Topic Selection

(1)interest A research project, such as your thesis, may

last for weeks or even months. To survive this long undertaking , you'd better find something that can sustain you interest.

(2)relevance The topic must have something to do with

your major.

(3)significance The thesis is the final formal assignment

for your university education and should demonstrate your achievement to the highest degree.

(4) Practicality You have to make sure that you have

enough knowledge, resources, and energy to research the

topic properly and present your findings in a decent paper.

8 Common Field Research Methods

（1）observation

○1planning: why/what/how to observe

how to equip yourself

○2observing: anecdotal records

Checklist

Rating scale按照程度设计问题

○3reporting报告

(2) Questionnaire

○1preparing the questionnaire:

why/whom to ask the questions

What to include in the questions

○2giving the questionnaire out to the target population

○3analysing and reporting the responses

○4designing effective questionnaires

a Structure of questionnaire:

1st.the purpose of this research

2nd.collect data about the respondents

3rd.questions

4th.'thank you 'note

b types of questions

Close-ended question

Open-ended question

(3）interview

9 Why to ask questions?

This is about the goal of your research. You must have clear goals. For example,students' opinions about a new textbook or their method in writing a composition in a testing situation may be possible goals.

11 Components of a proposal

Title

Introduction

Literature review

Preliminary outline 提纲Bibliography 参考文献Methods

14 Format of Outline

Roman numerals/letters罗马数字，缩进

Decimal format 进位法

Roman numerals

例:I. Heading

A. Subheading

1. 2nd subheading

2. 2nd subheading

a. 3rd subheading

b. 3rd subheading

B. Subheading

1. 2nd subheading

2. 2nd subheading

a. 3rd subheading

b. 3rd subheading

Decimal format 进位法

例：1.0 heading

1.1 subheading

1.1.1 2nd subheading

1.1.2 2nd subheading

1.1.

2.1 3rd subheading

1.1.

2.2 3rd subheading

1.2 subheading

1.2.1 2nd subheading

1.2.2 2nd subheading

1.2.2.1 3rd subheading

1.2.2.2 3rd subheading

15 Types of Outline

T opic outline词活词组形式

Sentence outline 句子（不能混搭）

16 Construction of an outline

(1) general steps

○1Go through the ideas you presented in the Proposal.

○2List all the ideas that relate to your thesis or research question

○3Group related ideas together according to their guiding concepts

○4Decide on their main categories

○5Label each main category with headings

○6Fill in the subcategories for each main category.

○7Arrange the categories, major or minor in logical order,i.e., from general to specific or from abstract to concrete.

(2) Principles for writing an outline:

Parallelism: 平行，前后一致的结构

○1Be consistent with the outline format you choose

○2Be consistent in grammatical form within

categories.

Coordination: 协调，要有逻辑性it is about arranging

ideas according to ther value or importance.

Subordination:从属关系It clarifies the significance

and relationship of different levels.

Division:划分标准Only one basis of division is used in

each rank and each category must consist of a minimum

of two entries.

19 How to write an Abstract.摘要，高度概括

Research topic/area

Research purpose

Background information

Research purpose

Background information

Research methods

Research results/findings

Research methods

Research results/findings

Conclusions/implications/recommendations for

further research

20 How to write introduction

Introducing the topic

Review previous research

Focusing on the issue i n question

Outlining purpose/announcing present research

Indicating research paper structure

21 How to write the Method section

It describes how research is carried out. It concerns W AHT（tool/instrument),WHO(subject),and HOW(data collection,procedures)

22 How to write the Results section

The Results section performs two functions: data presentation and data description.

23 How to write the Conclusion section

The Conclusion section has three elements:

restatement,summary,future research directions.

Restatement means that the Conclusion section restate the research purpose/intention, some background information.

Summary refers to a concise narration of the research design, results, interpretation and implications.

Future research direction is mainly concerned with two points:(1)limitations of the study and (2)tentative proposals fo r future research.

5 page 10:第6大题

7 page 22:第2题

10 Page 68: 第2题

12 Page 88:第2.3.4题

13 写outline

17 Page 102:第3题

18 Page 103:第4,5题

24 Page 123: 第1题

25 Page 127: 第4.5.6.7题

26 Page 137&138:

27 Page 147: 第2题

28 Page152

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Jim demanded to see my books. 吉姆要求看看我的书。 Please answer my questions without looking at your books. 请不看书回答我的问题。 Students must not look at their books during examinations. 学生考试不准舞弊。高三英语知识点2 虚拟条件句条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。 l-条件从句与现在事实不一致，句型为：If+主语十过去时，tiag+should (could，would，或might)+动词原形，例如：If l were you，1 would study hard. 2.条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+should(could, would，或might)+have+过去分词，例如：If I had not studied hard.1would have failed in the exam last term 3.条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：lf+主语+should/were to+do，主语+should( could.)+原形do，例如：If l were to go to the moon one day,I could see itwith my own eyes. 注意： 1.If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。 2-根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主

七年级简单英语作文带翻译：My dream

七年级简单英语作文带翻译：My dream Everybody have a dream, because we’re dreamers. In our heart, there is a colorful dream. Sometimes the dream is perfect, sometimes it’s special, sometimes it’s sweet, sometimes it’s yummy. In my dream, there are some children. I always play games with them and enjoy ourselves. There are so many candies, too. Blue candies, pink candies, orange candies, apple candies…How delicious! In my dream, there is a special sky. In our world, the sky is blue, but the sky of my dream is pink, some angels are having fun there. In my dream, white bird can fly high, flowers can sing songs, frogs have a jump race, tomatoes are blue, potatoes are yellow, all the things are different. In my dream, Chinese people, Korean people, Japanese people, Italian people, Spanish people, American people and Russian people are hand in hand. All the people smile for ever. It is a balanced world. . In my dream, everything is wonderful, but our world isn’t like it. So we m ust like my dream, to let our world get more beautiful! 每个人都有一个梦想，因为我们是梦想家。在我们心中，有一个彩色的梦。有时梦想是完美的，有时它是特殊的，有时是甜的，有时它是好吃的。在我的梦里，有一些孩子。我总是和他们玩游戏，玩游戏。有这么多的糖果，太。蓝色的糖果，粉红色的糖果，桔子的糖果，苹果的糖果……有多好吃！在我的梦里，有一个特别的天空。在我们的世界

mydream英语作文150字

mydream英语作文150字 The high unemployment rate of college students is said to more than 10 %. Many college students plain about the difficulty of looking for a job. In this case, I hold the opinion that one should have a dream in childhood, and keep struggling for dream. On the other hand, one is not supposed to expect too much of himself, and start everything from the most basic. I have my own dream. Not to be a scientist or a doctor, but to be a teacher. I’m sure of this dream. Teacher is a great career in my eyes, and play an important part in the society. I know it is not easy to realize my dream. But I am willing to study hard from now on. I’m sure my dream will e true. 1\150字的英语作文：My family Hello everyone. My name is li Yihan. I am from China. I like playing football. My mother likes playing tennis.Oh,yes. This is My father. He likes playing puter games." Hello,good morning." This is My sister . She dones't like playing sports and playing puter games. Do you know what she likes? Oh,yes. She likes reading books. This is my family. I love it very much. 2\初一英语作文150字：我的同学.

高中英语作文必备知识点：高考英语必备100(四)

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market. 成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。 62. According to a recent survey，a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family. 根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。 63. From what has been discussed above，I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society，it is not necessary a bad thing. 通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。 64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years. 近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。 65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism. 许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。 66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

高一英语知识点总结归纳大全(上册)

高一英语知识点重点词组：1. hunt for = look for寻找 I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。 hunt for a job 找工作 2. fond of “喜爱，爱好”接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如： He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗? He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。 3. care about 1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣= care for She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。 2）关心= care for She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people. 她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。 3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分） These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。 4. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to 则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to. 如: He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting. In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。 5. drop * a line 留下便条, 写封短信 6. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。 She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。 7、make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束（1）If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home. 如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。 8、come about 引起；发生；产生（1）How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？（2）They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。 9、stay up 不睡；熬夜（1）I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。（2）He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。 10、end up with 以……告终；以……结束（1）The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。 11、except for 除……之外（1）except 与except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。 ②We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。（2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如： ①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。 ②Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。（3）但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：