主谓一致(高考复习完整版)

主谓一致

一、概述：主谓一致的三个基本原则是：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。“语法一致”是指形式上的一致。即：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。“意义一致”是指有些主语形式上虽为单数，而意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数；同样有些主语形式上虽为复数，而意义上是单数，谓语动词用单数。“就近原则”是指谓语动词的单复数与最靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。

二、主谓一致的几种情况：

（一）并列结构作主语的情况：

1、and连接并列成分作主语的情况：

⑴由and或both…and…连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。如：

He and I are teachers. Both he and I are teachers.

⑵and连接的两部分表示同一个人、事物或概念时，谓语动词用单数。常见结构有：a cart and house（一驾马车），a cup and saucer（一套杯碟），a needle and thread（针线），a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure, my house and home（我的家），cause and effect（因果），supply and demand（供求关系），pen and ink（笔墨），whisky and soda（威士忌和苏打，指一种酒），war and peace（战争与和平），a knife and fork（刀叉），fish and potato chips（鱼和炸土豆条），the bread and butter（面包与黄油），early to bed and early to rise（早睡早起）。如：A knife and fork is on the table.

⑶由and连接两个带the（a或物主代词）的单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；如果只有前一个名词带the（a或物主代词）时，谓语动词用单数。如：

The teacher and the doctor are Chinese. The teacher and doctor is a Chinese.这位教师兼医生是中国人。

⑷and前后均有each，every，no，many a…等修饰可数名词单数，构成并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用单数。其中后一个限定词可以省略。如：

No sound and (no) voice is heard. Each man and (each) woman is here.

Many a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film.

⑸由“and连接的前置并列修饰语+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：

Good and bad meat in the market are sold out.

⑹“不可数名词+and连接的后置并列修饰语”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：

Beer from the USA and Germany is much better than that from Britain.

⑺由and连接的第二个名词（短语）表示否定或带有状语时，谓语动词与第一个名词保持一致。如：

The parents and not the son were missing. The teacher，and perhaps his students too，is likely to be present.

⑻what从句的并列式作主语时，并列完整式用复数；并列缩略式用单数。如：

What he says and what he thinks have nothing to do with me. What I say and do is my own affair.

注意这两句根据的是意义一致的原则：

What he says and does do not agree. 他言行不一致。

What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。

⑼由and连接的两个疑问代词、不定式或动名词作主语时，根据主语表达的意义，确定谓语动词单复数形式（即意义一致原则）。如：

Where and when to build the house is not decided. When to have the meeting and who to hold the meeting are not decided yet. What caused the fire and how much the loss was are still unknown.

2、“就近原则”：

由并列连词or，nor, not only…but also…，not…but…，either…or…，neither…nor…，whether…or…等连接并列成分作主语，以及在there/here be句型中有并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应根据“就近原则”（在疑问句或倒装句中也应该根据“就近原则”确定谓语动词的单复数）。如：

Not only he but also I am a teacher. Not only I but also he is a teacher. Is not only he but also I a teacher？One or two friends are coming this evening.

3、“就前原则”：

当主语后面接with，together/along with（跟……一起），as well as（以及），as much as （与……一样多），such…as…, such as, besides/except/but（除外），in addition to（除外），including（包括），like（如），rather than（而不是），without（没有），no less than（不少于），more than（多于），combined with（加上……），accompanied by（由……陪同），no less than