我国3省6市流动人口结核病防治知识、行为及需求调查
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我国3省6市流动人口结核病防治知识、行为及需求调查
李卓婷1,田本淳2,陈娟1,孙昕霙
1
【中图分类号】R193;R521【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1002-9982(2012)08-0607-04
【摘要】目的了解流动人口对结核病防治知识、行为以及健康教育需求的情况,为今后开展有针对性的干预工作提供依据。方法采用方便抽样的方法,在我国3个省的6个市中抽取18 50岁的流动人口1274人,
进行结核病防治健康教育问卷调查,采用χ2
检验。结果7.4%的调查对象“没有听说过肺结核”
,关键信息的全部知晓率为7.5%,全部不知晓率为10.0%。8条关键信息总知晓率为58.5%,18 20岁组(52.0%)与41 50岁组(52.6%),小学及以下文化程度(46.5%),外出务工时间<12个月(54.2%)的关键信息总知晓率较低;关键信息知晓率高的人群相对拥有较好的行为习惯,差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。流动人口以往获取结核病信息的渠道前3位依次为电视(63.7%),人际渠道(60.8%),传单、折页、宣传画(49.3%)。流动人口对于宣传材料的选择喜好也以折页、传单、宣传画、小册子的选择率居高。自述“以前获得过肺结核宣传材料”的人关键信息总知晓率为73.4%,较没得到过宣传材料的人(47.8%)高。结论流动人口对肺结核防治的信息存在较大需求,流动人口结核病健康教育需要关注低学历者及新近外出务工者,选择合适的地点及适宜的传播活动形式。
【关键词】流动人口;结核;健康教育;需求;调查
Survey on the awareness ,behavior and demand of TB prevention and cure among floating population in six cities of three provinces
LI Zhuo-ting ,TIAN Ben-chun ,CHEN Juan ,SUN Xin-ying .School of Public Health ,Peking
University ,Beijing 100191,China
【Abstract 】
Objective
To explore the awareness ,behavior and educational demand of TB prevention and to cure
among the floating population ,and to provide evidence for targeted TB health education and health promotion in future.Methods 1274migrants aged 18-50years were selected from 6cities of 3provinces by using convenient sampling meth-od.The survey was conducted with unified questionnaire and analyzed with χ2test.Results
Among all of the respondents
7.4%chose the option of “never heard of tuberculosis ”,7.5%knew all of the key information ,and 10.0%knew none of them.The awareness percentage of 8key information was 58.5%.The awareness in groups of aged 18-20years (52.0%)and 41-50years (52.6%),people with low educational level (46.5%)and those living in a cities less than a year (54.2%)were lower.And people who had relatively higher awareness of the key information had better habits ,which difference had statistically significance (P <0.01).Floating population accessed tuberculosis information from TV (63.7%),interpersonal channel (60.8%),and leaflets ,folding ,and posters (49.3%)mainly.Floating population preferred to communication materials such as folding ,leaflets ,posters and brochures.At the same time ,people who ac-quired publicity materials related to tuberculosis previously had higher awareness (73.4%),compared to people who did not get (47.8%).Conclusion
There is a great demand of information communication about tuberculosis prevention and
control among floating population.Some subgroups of floating population should be paid more attention to and the appropri-ate health education sites and activities should be selected.
【Key words 】
Floating population ;Tuberculosis ;Health education ;Demand ;Survey
【基金项目】中国全球基金结核病项目流动人口肺结核防治健康
促进子项目(CHN -S10-G14-T )
【作者单位】1北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191;
2北京国中健康教育所,北京100009
【作者简介】李卓婷(1989-),女,山东聊城人,硕士在读,
主要从事健康教育与健康促进研究工作。
【通讯作者】孙昕霙,女,副教授,研究方向:社会医学与健康
教育。
E-mail :xysun@ 结核病是一种严重危害人类健康的慢性传染病
[1]
,中国是全球22个结核病高负担国家之一,
目前每年约有13万人死于结核病[2-3]
,结核病患
者仅次于印度居世界第二位
[4-5]
。大量的人口流
动、耐多药结核菌的出现、艾滋病与结核病的双重感染是导致全球结核病疫情居高不下的3大原因
[6-7]
。我国,伴随着改革开放产生了大量的流动
人口,如何在流动人口中有效控制肺结核传播成为当前结核病控制面临的一个新的挑战
[8-10]
。课
题组于2011年4—7月调查了解我国流动人口结核病知识的知晓率,相关信念、行为的现状及需求,为开展流动人口结核病防治健康教育与健康促进
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