精读1第三单元重要知识点

精读1第三单元重要知识点
精读1第三单元重要知识点

Whatever Happened to Manners?

Linda Dano

1.Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with

each other? I certainly do, and I feel that much of the world has somehow gotten away from that. I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I first moved here more than 20 years ago: people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you” when others hold a door open for them, or “Please”

when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod of appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.

2.We ge t lazy, and in our laziness we think that something like a simple “Thank you”

doesn’t really matter. But it can matter very much. The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorate our homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, w e can’t be truly stylish without good manners.

3.In fact, I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. Haven’t you noticed

that the kindest, most generous people seem to keep getting prettier? They become Cary Grant or Lauren Bacall right b efore our eyes. It’s funny how that happens, but it does.

4.Take the long-lost art of saying “Thank you.” Like wearing a little lipstick or making

sure your hair is neat, getting into the habit of saying “Thank you” can make you feel better about yourself, and then you look better to everyone around you. A gracious manner not only sets an excellent example for your children and grandchildren but it adds pricelesspanache to your image.

5.Positive Thanking

Of course, saying “Thank you” does wonder s for the person on the receiving end too. I recently got a thank-you note from a guest who attended a 40th birthday party that Frank and

I hosted for Frank’s daughter-in-law. The note was lovely enough, but even lovelier was the

fact that the guest had also inclu ded a recipe for a dish I’d compliment ed her on at an earlier gathering. It was a sweet gesture that made me feel terrific and put mein a great mood. What

a gift!

6.Many of us know we should write thank-you notes, but we think we don’t have the time

or energy. Now, I know we all have busy lives, but I bet the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write.If you feel like a feel because you’ve put off sending a card, write a note that says, “I should have done this two weeks ago, but I didn’t want to let another day go by without telling you how much I enjoyed your party.” It’s much better than not writing at all.

Magic Words

7.Just as powerful as a thank-you n ote is the simple phrase “Excuse me.” Don’t you just

hate it when someone knocks an enormous carry-on bag into your head when he’s barrel ing down the aisle to board an airplane —and then doesn’t bother to say he’s sorry? But when someone does stop and tur n around and genuinely apologizes, doesn’t it melt away most — if not all — of the irritation you felt?

8.Same for holding the door open for others when you see their hands are full. I’ll even do

this for a hotel bellman carrying my luggage. Just because his job is to carry my bags doesn’t mean he doesn’t appreciate a little gesture that makes his life a wee bit easier. And punctuality is not a thing of the past, either. Being on time for lunch dates, for example,

shows the person we’re meeting that we va lue his or her precious time as much as we do our own.

9.Bringing Manners Home

And for heaven’s sake, we shouldn’t forget to use good manners with our own families.

That’s where it count s the most because those are the people we love the most. How lovely it would be to put a card on your spouse’s pillow at night to say “Thank you” for some dear thing he or she did for you or even just to say “I love you.”

10.Similarly, bringing home the most insignificant little presents for people you cherish

will go a long way. It shows they’re in your thoughts and you want to make them happy. If you’re a husband, how long has it been since you walked in the door with a rose for your wife? Or maybe her favorite candy —even if it’s just a Snickers bar.You’d sure get my attention if you brought me a Snickers! I firmly believe spouses should be gracious about the routine things they expect each other to do. Show that you don’t take the other person for granted. He or she is much more likely to treat you the same way.

11.Good manners are infectious. Now, if we could just get everyone to catch them!

Words and Expressions

Paragraph 1

Words and Expressions

1. appreciate: vt.

1)to recognize with gratitude; be grateful for

e.g. We appreciate your helping us.

2)to recognize or understand that something is valuable, important or as described

e.g. There's no point buying him expensive wines —he doesn't appreciate them.

Derivations:

appreciation: n.

appreciative: adj.

Synonyms:

enjoy, understand

Comparison: appreciate, enjoy

appreciate:It means “to be thankful or grateful for something,” as well as “to like or value something for its good qualities.”

e.g.We really appreciate all the help you gave us last weekend.

enjoy: Itstresses taking pleasure in a situation one is in, esp. to find satisfaction in doing something, and often appears in the structure of “ enjoy oneself”.

e.g. Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.

既然有空,我可以享受一下音乐。

2. pull out:

1) (of a motor vehicle, boat, etc.) to move out of a sideways

e.g. A car suddenly pulled out in front of me.

一辆汽车突然横冲到我面前。

2) toleave or depart

e.g. When I arrived, the train was pulling out of the station.

Sentences:

Do you remember a time when people were a little nicer, a little softer, a little gentler with each other? (Paragraph 1)

Paraphrase: Years ago, people were kind and generous with each other, but now people are less gentle, less friendly or less polite than people in the past.

Paragraphs 2-4

Words and Expressions

3. gracious: adj.

1)behaving in a pleasant, polite, calm way

e.g.The losing team were gracious in defeat.

He was most gracious to everyone, smiling and thanking them.

2) characterized by kindness and warm courtesy especially of a king to his subjects

e.g. The queen was gracious enough to invite us.

女王亲切地邀请了我们。

He is gracious to his inferiors.

他待下级和蔼可亲。

Synonyms:

courteous, nice

4. priceless: adj. describing an object which has such a high value, especially because it is rare,

that the price of it cannot be calculated

e.g. In its spacious halls are displayed over 8,000 priceless relics.

在它宽敞的大厅里,展出了8000多件珍贵文物。

Her one priceless asset is her unflappability.

她有一点是非常难能可贵的,就是她遇事冷静。

Synonym:

precious

Comparison: priceless, precious

priceless: refering to something that is worth a lot of money or cannot be calculated in monetary terms

precious: emphasizing the fact that something is valuable, rare and important, and should not be wasted, lost or used badly

e.g. Pandas are precious creatures.

熊猫是珍贵的动物。

You should make good use of every precious minute to study.

你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。

Her knowledge and experience would make her a priceless (= extremely useful) asset to the team.

她的知识和经历对于整个团队来说是无价之宝。

5. panache: n. a stylish, original and very confident way of doing things that makes people admire you

e.g. The orchestra played with great panache.

交响乐团的演奏十分优雅动听。

Synonyms: dash, style, elegance

Sentences:

1. ...we can’t be truly stylish without good manners …(Paragraph2)

Paraphrase:If we do not have polite ways of treating other people and behaving in pubic, we can’t be truly fashionable and attractive.

Translation: 没有良好的习惯,我们不可能真正成为时尚的人。

2. …I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret. (Paragraph3)

Paraphrase:I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret whose nature can’t be understood and explained.

Question: What will good manners lead us to be?

Good manners will lead us to be beautiful and attractive figures.

3.… but it adds priceless panache to your image … (Paragraph4)

Paraphrase: but a kind, gracious manner makes you look much more stylish, charming and admirable, contributing invaluably to your image.

Paragraphs 5-10

Words and Expressions

6. wonders: n. objects that cause a feeling of great surprise and admiration

Collocation:

do wonders for:If you say that a person or thing does wonders, you mean that they have a very good effect on something.

e.g. Regular physical exercises will do wonders for your health.

Synonyms:

miracle, marvel, phenomenon

Derivation:

wonderful adj.

7. compliment vt.to praise or express admiration for someone

Collocation:

compliment sb. on sth.

e.g. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation.

Synonym:

praise, applaud, flatter

Derivations:

complimentary: adj. praising or expressing admiration for someone

compliment: n.

Comparison: compliment, complement

compliment: praise somebody for something

complement: make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it

Translation:

1)他连看都没看一眼,就称赞了她的新衣服。

He complimented her on her new dress without even looking at it.

2) This wine complements the food perfectly.

用这种酒配这种菜肴最妙不过了。

8. mood: n.the way you feel at a particular time

e.g. His mood suddenly changed and he became calm.

他的情绪突然一变,冷静了下来。

The public mood changed dramatically after the bombing.

爆炸案发生后,公众的气氛急剧转变。

I'm not in the mood to disagree with you.

我没有心思跟你争论。

He's always in a bad mood (ie irritable and angry) on Mondays.

他每个星期一情心情都很差。

Collocations:

1)be in no mood for sth./to do sth.: to not want to do something with someone else, often

because you are angry with them

e.g. I was in no mood for chatting.

He's in no mood for (telling) jokes/to tell jokes.

他没心情说笑话。

2) be in the mood:to feel like doing or having something

e.g. I'm not really in the mood for shopping.

9. put off:tohold back to a later time

e.g. She keeps putting off going to the dentist.

她老是拖延着不去看牙病。

Don’t put off until tomorrow what can be done today.

今日事今日做。

Synonyms:

postpone, delay, prolong

10. barrel: vi.(inf.) to travel somewhere very quickly

e.g. We were barreling along the free way at 180 kph.

11.irritation: n..when someone is made angry or annoyed, the person tends to develop irritation or

feel annoyed by a source of irritation or annoyance

e.g. The traffic noise is a constant irritation to city dwellers.

车辆的噪音对城市居民是永无止境的骚扰。

Derivations:

irritate vt..

irritable adj.

irritating adj.

12.punctuality n. the quality or habit of being on time

e.g. Our boss urged on us the significance of punctuality.

老板向我们强调守时的重要性。

Derivation:

punctual adj.

13. count

1) vt.tosay the names of numbers one after the other in order, or to calculate the number of people

or things in a group

e.g. Count your money carefully to make sure it's all there.

2) vi.to have value or importance; to matter

e.g.I've always believed that happiness counts more than money.

My opinion doesn't count for anything around here (= no one values my opinion). Collocations:

countsb. in: to include someone in an activity or arrangement

e.g. "Do you want to come swimming tomorrow?" "Yes, count me in."

count on sb.: to be confident that you can depend on someone

e.g. I can count on my parents to help me.

Derivation:

countable adj.

14. cherish

1) vt.to love, protect and care for someone or something that is important to you

e.g. One of our cherished privileges is the right of free speech.

我们所珍视的权利之一是言论自由。

Although I cherish my children, I do allow them their independence.

2) vt.to keep hopes, memories or ideas in your mind because they are important to you and bring

you pleasure

e.g. I cherish the memories of the time we spent together.

我们在一起的时光珍藏在我的记忆当中。

Synonyms:

care for, treasure, value

15.routine:

1) adj.ordinary and not special or unusual

e.g. It was a rather routine performance.

那是很一般的演出。

2) n.a usual or fixed way of doing things

e.g. They did it as a matter of routine.

他们那样做只是例行公事。

16.take … for granted:

1) takesth. for granted: to believe something to be true without even thinking about it

e.g. I didn't realize that Melanie hadn't been to college—I suppose I just took it for granted.

2) takesth. or sb. for granted: if you take situations or people for granted, you do not realize or show that you are grateful for how much you get from them

e.g. I take for granted that you have read this book.

We must not take our parents’ care for gra nted.

我们不能认为父母的关心是理所当然的。

Synonyms:

assume, presume

Sentences:

1.Of course, saying “Thank you.” does wonders for the person on the receiving end too.(Paragraph 5)

Paraphrase: Without doubt, saying “Thank you.” will bring benefit to the person who receives the thank-you remark.

Explanation: “Do wonders for” means achieving positive results for somebody or something.

It does wonders for your self-confidence. Believe me.

2.I bet the note my guest sent me didn’t take long to write. (Paragraph6)

Paraphrase: I am sure that to finish writing a thank-you note will not take my guest too much time.

Translation: 我敢打赌,客人给我写的信不需要太多时间就可以写完。

3. If you feel like a feel… (Paragraph6)

Paraphrase: If you’d like to know how you would feel when you do write a thank-you note…Explanation:“Feel like” means having a wish or inclination for something.

I feel like a cup of tea.

On a hot day wefeel likea cold beer.

4.And for heaven’s sake, we sh ouldn’t forget to use good manners with our own families.(Paragraph9)

Explanation: The phrase "for goodness’/Pete’s/heaven’s/pity’s sake" can be used when one asks strongly for something.

Never do that again, for heaven's sake!

For heaven’s sake don’t let her know what I told you!

However, the phrase "for God’s/Christ’s sake" might be considered offensive or taboo by some people, and should be used with care.

For Christ’s sake, turn that music down!

Translation:看在上帝的份上,把那音乐关轻点。

5. You’d sure get my attention. (Paragraph10)

Explanation: In American English, "surely" is often shortened to "sure".

I sure don’t want to be around when Gene finds out what has happened to his car.

Paragraph 11

Words and Expressions

17. infectious: adj.

1) able to pass a disease from one person, animal or plant to another

e.g. Flu is an infectious disease characterized by fever, aches and pains and exhaustion.

流感是一种传染病,其特征是发热、全身疼痛和疲乏无力。

2) describing something that has an effect on everyone who is present and makes them want to

join in

e.g. He expressed infectious enthusiasm to his voters.

他对他的选民表现出的热情很有感染力。

Derivations:

infect vt.

infection n.

Synonym:

contagious

Sentences:

11.Good manners are infectious. (Paragraph 11)

Paraphrase:Good manners are easy to catch.

第三单元知识点总结

第三单元知识点总结 一、比一比,再组词。(读一读) 州(神州)湾(台湾)峡(峡谷)族(民族)炒(炒菜)城(长城)洲(亚洲)弯(弯曲)狭(狭小)旅(旅游)妙(奇妙)诚(诚实)见(看见)币(钱币)财(财产)烧(烧火)岛(海岛)团(团圆)贝(贝壳)巾(毛巾)材(木材)烤(烤肉)鸟(小鸟)困(困难)贴(贴画)转(转圈)甲(甲骨文)饭(吃饭)抄(抄写) 站(站岗)传(传说)由(由于)板(木板)炒(炒菜) 二、多音字(读一读) bēn(奔跑)zhá(油炸)piāo(漂流)ké(贝壳) 奔炸漂壳 bèn (投奔)zhà(炸弹)piào(漂亮)qiào(地壳) dāng(当然)zhòng(重量)zhuǎn(转弯)shān(扇风) 当重转扇 dàng(上当)chóng(重新)zhuàn(转动)shàn(扇子) fā(发现)xīng(兴旺) 发兴 fà(理发)xìng(高兴) 三、给下列字加偏旁组成新字并组词(背一背,写一写) 削(削苹果)赔(赔钱) 悄(悄悄)陪(陪伴) 肖霄(云霄)咅培(培土)梢(树梢)部(部落) 宵(元宵)倍(倍数) 四、写出带有下列偏旁的字(读一读) 火:烤、烧、炒、灯、灿、烂 灬:煎、蒸、煮、点、热、焦 我的发现:“火”和“灬”字旁的字都跟火有关。

心:怒、悲、忘、感、恋、想 忄:情、惊、慌、怕、忙、慢 我的发现:“心”和“忄”字旁的字都跟心情有关。 刀:分、剪、切 刂:别、剑、刮、刺、创、刻 我的发现:“刀”和“刂”字旁的字都跟刀有关。 贝:财、赔、购、贫 我发现:“贝”字旁的字跟钱财有关系。 钅:钢、铜、铁、锅 “钅”字旁的字跟金属有关系。 王:珠、珍 “王”字旁的字跟珠宝、玉石有关。 五、补充词语:(背一背,写一写) 甜(津津)酸(溜溜)辣(乎乎)香(喷喷)油(腻腻)软(绵绵)脆(生生)硬(邦邦) 六、近义词:(背一背,写一写) 珍贵——宝贵张开——打开情谊——友谊 七、反义词:(背一背,写一写) 欢笑——悲伤团圆——分离热闹——冷清保护——破坏 八、填入合适的动词。(背一背,写一写) (贴)窗花(放)鞭炮(赛)龙舟(会)鹊桥(吃)月饼(戴)饰品 九、日积月累。(默写) 子鼠丑牛寅虎卯兔辰龙已蛇午马未羊申猴酉鸡 戌狗亥猪 十、词语听写。(读一读,听写) 神州中华山川黄河长江长城台湾岛海峡民族奋发节日春节花灯清明节先人龙舟中秋转眼团员热闹动物贝壳甲骨文张开样子 可以钱币钱财有关比如美食红烧茄子烤鸭羊肉蛋炒饭

现代大学英语精读1课本内容及翻译

Lesson Eight The Kindness of Strangers Mike Mclntyre 1. One summer I was driving from my home town of Tahoe City, Calif, to New Orleans. In the middle of the desert, I came upon a young man standing by the roadside. He had his thumb out and held a gas can in his other hand. I drove right by him. There was a time in the country when you' d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody in need. Now you are a fool for helping. With gangs, drug addicts, murderers, rapists, thieves lurking everywhere, "I don't want to get involved" has become a national motto. 2. Several states later I was still thinking about the hitchhiker. Leaving him stranded in the desert did not bother me so much. What bothered me was how easily I had reached the decision. I never even lifted my foot off the accelerator. 3. Does anyone stop any more? I wondered. I recalled Blanche DuBois's famous line: "I have always depended on the kindness of strangers." Could anyone rely on the kindness of strangers these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey from coast to coast without any money, relying solely on the good will of his fellow Americans. What kind of Americans would he find? Who would feed him, shelter him, carry him down the road? 4. The idea intrigued me. 5. The week I turned 37, I realized that I had never taken a gamble in my life. So I decided to travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. It would be a cashless journey through the land of the almighty dollar. I would only accept offers of rides, food and a place to rest my head. My final destination would be Cape Fear in North Carolina, a symbol of all the fears I'd have to conquer during the trip. 6. I rose early on September 6, 1994, and headed for the Golden Gate Bridge with a 50-pound pack on my back and a sign displaying my destination to passing vehicles: "America." 7. For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and covered 4223 miles across 14 states. As I traveled, folks were always warning me about someplace else. In Montana they told me to watch out for the cowboys in Wyoming, In Nebraska they said people would not be as nice in Iowa. Yet I was treated with kindness everywhere I went. I was amazed by people's readiness to help a stranger, even when it seemed to run contrary to their own best interests. 8. One day in Nebraska a car pulled to the road shoulder. When I reached the window, I saw two little old ladies dressed in their Sunday finest." I know you're not supposed to pick up hitchhikers, but it's so far between towns out here, you feel bad passing a person," said the driver, who introduced herself as Vi. I didn't know whether to kiss them or scold them for stopping. This woman was telling me she'd rather risk her life than feel bad about passing a stranger on the side of the road. 9. Once when I was hitchhiking unsuccessfully in the rain, a trucker pulled over, locking his brakes so hard he skidded on the grass shoulder. The driver told me he was once robbed at knifepoint by a hitchhiker. "But I hate to see a man stand out in the rain," he added. "People don't have no heart anymore." 10. I found, however, that people were generally compassionate. Hearing I had no money and would take none, people bought me food or shared whatever they happened to have with them. Those who had the least to give often gave the most. In Oregon a house painter named Mike noted the chilly weather and asked if I had a coat. When he learned that I had "a light one," he drove me to his house, and handed me a big green army-style jacket. A lumber-mill worker named Tim invited me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house. Then he offered me his tent. I refused, knowing it was probably one of the family's most valuable possessions. But Tim was determined that I have it, and finally I agreed to take it. 11. I was grateful to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter, and their gifts. But what I found most touching was the fact that they all did it as a matter of course.

四年级下册第三单元知识点归纳

四年级下册第三单元知识点归纳 1、加法交换律和加法结合律 知识点补充: ①、几个数相加,任意交换加数的位置,和不变。 用字母表示:a+b+c=a+c+b 如:29+35+31=29+31+35 ②、加减混合运算中带着数字前面的运算符号,交换减数、加数位置,和不变。 用字母表示:a+b-c=a-c+b(a ?c) 如:46+72-26=46-26+72 2 、加法运算定律的应用 在计算过程中,如果那两个数相加可以得到整十、整百、整千的数,就利用加法的运算定律(加法交换律、加法结合律),把这两个数先相加,这样可以使计算简便。 3 、减法的运算性质 ①、一个数减去两个数的差,可以用这个数先减去差里的被减数,再加上减数;或用这个数加上差里的减数,再减去被减数。用字母表示:a-(b-c)=a-b+c=a+c-b 如:50-(20-10)=50-20+10=50+10-20 ②、括号前面是加号,去掉括号不变号;加号后面添括号,括号里面不变号。如:10+(4-3)=10+4-3

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chèn(称心)xìng(兴高采烈)shěng(省市) 落luò(降落)中zhōng(中国)发fà(头发) là(丢三落四)zhòng(百发百中)fā(弹无虚发) 参cān(参加)差chà(差不多)传zhuàn(传记(水浒传) cēn(参差不齐)chāi(出差)chuán(传达) shēn(人参)Cī(参差不齐) Chā(差别) 盛shèng(盛夏)好hǎo(好人)夹jiā(夹住) chéng(盛饭)hào(好学)jiá(夹被) 5、词语释义 称霸一方:在一定的区域内倚仗权势,欺压别人。 兴风作浪:比喻挑起事端或进行破坏活动。 6、同音字 治:治理宫:故宫扔:扔掉伸:伸展 制:制服攻:攻击仍:仍然申:申诉 夹:夹住示:表示齐:整齐 加:加法视:视力奇:奇怪 五、按课文内容填空 1、《哪吒闹海》是一篇神话故事,选自《封神演义》,讲了哪吒大闹东海制服龙王父子,使人民又过上安定的生活的故事。表现了哪吒的为民着想、机智勇敢。 2、课文按事情发展顺序讲述故事。哪吒闹了三次,一闹:摇晃水晶宫,动词有:跳、取、摆、掀;二闹:打死夜叉,动词有:闪、躲、取、扔。三闹:斗败三太子,动词有:纵身、抖出。 3、《揠苗助长》告诉人们违背事物发展的客观规律,急于求成,结果会把事情弄糟。 4、《鹬蚌相争》中鹬和蚌相互争斗,最后让渔翁一起捉住了,这叫鹬蚌相争、渔翁得利。这个寓言告诉我们,双方争利,互不相让,结果可能是两败俱伤,让别人从中获利。 5、自相矛盾:比喻一个人的言语或行为前后抵触,无法自圆其说。 滥竽充数:比喻没有真才实学的人混在行家里面充数,或比喻拿不好的东西混在好的里面充数。 6、《自相矛盾》这个成语故事告诉我们: 说话做事要前后一致,实事求是。 《滥竽充数》这个成语故事告诉我们:一个人没有真才实学是不行的。 7、造句 1、总是 每天一放学,小明总是先完成家庭作业。 2、不要….而要 做人不要弄虚作假,而要诚实守信。

现代大学英语精读1第二版

Page 39 6. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.It seemed impossible to me, but all the others looked very confident. Sth. seems (to be) + adj.(表) + to sb. 2.We looked around. There wasn't a building standing in sight. The earthquake seemed to have destroyed everything. Sth. /sb. +(seem + to do)复合谓语3.He seems to be in low spirits these days. Sth./Sb. + seem to be + 表语 wonder why. I think it's because he doesn't seem to be making much progress in his studies. He is afraid of being looked down upon by his classmates. Sb. + seem to do sth There seems to be 4.What are you looking for, Dick? I seem to have lost my key. How annoying! 5.If you find that a word doesn't seem to

make any sense in the sentence, you should look it up in the dictionary. That's the only way to learn to use a word. 6.They went on arguing for hours. Neither of them seem (to be) willing to listen to each other. I suddenly remembered someone saying "Discussion is an exchange of knowledge while argument is an exchange of ignorance." 7.The situation there seems to be very complicated. The government has promised to look into it. 8.My grandpa seems to be getting better and better, but he still needs somebody to look after him. 9.Economists have already come to the conclusion that the crisis seems to be coming to an end. W orld economy is looking up. 10.When I got well I looked at my bank account. To my sadness, I found my balance was almost zero. All my savings in

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