驱动桥差速器设计说明书

摘要

汽车驱动桥是汽车的主要部件之一，其基本的功用是增大由传动轴或直接由变速器传来的转矩，再将转矩分配给左右驱动车轮，并使左右驱动车轮具有汽车行驶运动所要求的差速功能。汽车差速器位于驱动桥内部，为满足汽车转弯时内外侧车轮或两驱动桥直接以不同角度旋转，并传递扭矩的需求，在传递扭矩时应能够根据行驶的环境自动分配扭矩，提高了汽车通过性。其质量，性能的好坏直接影响整车的安全性，经济性、舒适性、可靠性。

随着汽车技术的成熟，轻型车的不断普及，人们根据差速器使用目的的不同，设计出多种类型差速器。与国外相比，我国的车用差速器开发设计不论在技术上，还是在成本控制上都存在不小的差距，尤其是目前兴起的三维软件设计方面，缺乏独立开发与创新能力，这样就造成设计手段落后，新产品上市周期慢，材料品质和工艺加工水平也存在很多弱点。

本文认真地分析了国内外驱动桥中差速器设计的现状及发展趋势，在论述汽车驱动桥的基本原理和运行机理的基础上，提炼出了在差速器设计中应掌握的满足汽车行驶的平顺性和通过性、降噪技术的应用及零件的标准化、部件的通用化、产品的系列化等关键技术；阐述了汽车差速器的基本原理并进行了系统分析；根据经济、适用、舒适、安全可靠的设计原则和分析比较，确定了轻型车差速器总成及半轴的结构型式；轻型车差速器的结构设计强度计算运用了理论分析成果；最后运用CATIA软件对汽车差速器进行建模设计，提升了设计水平，缩短了开发周期，提高了产品质量，设计完全合理，达到了预期的目标。

关键词：驱动桥；差速器；半轴；结构设计；

Automobile driving axle is one of the main components of cars, its basic function is increased by the transmission shaft or directly by coming from torque, again will torque distribution to drive wheels, and make about driving wheel has about vehicle movement required differential function. Auto differential drive to meet internal, located in car wheel or when turning inside and outside two axles directly with different point of view, and transfer the rotating torque transmission torque in demand, according to the environment should be driving torque, improve the automatic assignment car through sex. Its quality, performance will have a direct impact on the security of the vehicle, economy, comfort and reliability.

As car technology maturity, the increasing popularity of small, people of different purposes according to differential, the design gives a variety of types differential. Compared with foreign countries, China's automotive differential development design whether in technology, or in the cost control there are large gap, especially at present the rise of 3d software design, lack of independent development and innovation ability, thus causing design means backward, new products listed cycle slow, materials quality and craft processing level also has many weaknesses.

This paper conscientiously analyzes the differential drive axle design at home and abroad in the present situation and development trend of automobile driven axle, this basic principle and operation mechanism, carry on the basis of the differential practiced a meet the design should be mastered in smooth and automobile driving through sexual, noise reduction technology application and parts of standardization, parts of generalization, serialization of products, and other key technology; Expounds the basic principle and automotive differential system analysis; According to economic, applicable, comfortable, safe and reliable design principles and analysis comparison, determine the small differential assembly and half shaft structure type; Small differential structure design strength calculation using theoretical analysis results; Finally using CATIA software modeling design of automotive differential, promoted design level, shorten the development cycle, improve the product quality, design completely reasonable, can achieve the desired goals.

Key words：Differential mechanism；Differential gear；Planetary gear；Semiaxis；