高考英语长难句吃透这些点阅读无障碍(13页)
高考英语长难句吃透这些点阅读无障碍
众所周知，在英语阅读中除了词汇，长难句是影响学生理解文章的另一个主要因素。理解长难句的关键是首先判断句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句，英语中谓语是单一原则，即一个简单句只能有一个谓语，如果要表达多个动作可用并列、非谓语动词或从句。其次要找出句子主干，这需要熟练掌握英语常见的五种基本句型。然后对其修饰部分（定、状、补）进行分析。
小编特意把影响理解长难句的一些难点进行了归类，并选取了一些国外网站上的句子作为分析，希望对同学们有所帮助！
一、过去分词作后置定语
英语和汉语的定语的位置有所差异，汉语一般是放在名词前面，英语定语的位置比较灵活，后置定语容易对学生造成理解上的困难，其中过去分词作定语的影响较为明显。
因为过去分词的形式与句子的谓语动词很像，学生很容易混淆。当句子中出现多个动词时，关键是要通过主语以及句意要判断哪个是谓语动词，从而找出句子的主干。
1.To travel from one place to another, Inuit used sleds pulled over the snow and ice by dogs.
分析：句子主干是Inuit used sleds；pulled over the snow and ice by dogs作后置定语，修饰sleds；To travel from one place to another 作目的状语。
句意：因纽特人出行时，会使用狗拉的雪橇在冰雪上走。
2.A group called Space Adventures has offered wealthy individuals the opportunity to fly to the station aboard Russian-built rockets.
分析：句子主干是A group has offered wealthy individuals the opportunity；called …作后置定语，修饰group；to fly …作后置定语，修饰opportunity。
句意：一个名为太空探险的组织为富人提供了乘坐俄罗斯制造的火箭飞往空间站的机会。
3.Those three cities, followed by Seattle and Chicago, are the most o verworked cities in the United States, according to a study released by the mobile technology company Kisi this past week.
分析：句子主干是Those three cities are the most overworked cities；followed ...作后置定语，修饰cities；released...作后置定语，修饰study。句意：根据移动技术公司Kisi在上周发布的一项研究，这三个城市是美国加班最多的城市，紧接着是西雅图和芝加哥。
二、并列句
理解并列句的关键是要注意并列连词and, but, yet, or, so, for, not only...but also...等，并根据句意弄清哪些部分属于并列成分。
1. The confusion of what to do, how to do it, or which way to go in our life is always changing.
分析：句子主干是The confusion is always changing；介词of后面的三个不定式短语是并列关系。
句意：生活中我们做什么、怎么做、朝什么方向去做的困惑总是在改变。
2. But the most important aspect of this free fishing weekend is simply to be out there and share the excitement of figuring out where to fish, how to fish and how to land those big and small ones.
分析：句子主干是the most important aspect is simply to be out there and share the excitement；be out there和share the excitement是并列关系；where to fish，how to fish和how to land …是并列关系。
句意：然而，这个周末免费钓鱼活动最重要的部分就是到户外去，大家一起去讨论哪里钓鱼、怎么钓以及如何钓到各种各样大大小小的鱼，并分享由此带来的兴奋。
三、定语从句
定语从句一般修饰名词，但非限制性定语从句有时修饰整个句子，关系词在从句中充当成分，并且指代其修饰的名词或句子。弄清关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分是掌握和判断定语从句的关键。
1.One popular choice is The Common Application, which is accepted by more than 750 schools, including some located outside the U.S.
分析：句子主干是One popular choice is The Common Application；which引导定语从句，修饰Application；关系词在从句中作主语。
句意：一种受欢迎的选择是通用申请，它被750多所学校所接受，包括一些位于美国以外的学校。
2.A key to living a healthy life is seeking and maintaining a balance, with which we can achieve more and the much happier in our lives.
分析：句子主干是A key is seeking and maintaining a balance；with which引导定语从句，修饰a balance；with which在定语从句中作状语。句意：健康生活的关键是寻求和保持平衡，这样我们就能在生活中获得更多和更多的快乐。
3.An international team of astronomers has discovered a new solar system with a planet that could be habitable, a Spanish astrophysicist （天体物理学家）who led the research said Thursday.
分析：句子的主语是a Spanish astrophysicist，谓语动词是said，An international team of astronomers...为宾语从句；that引导定语从句修饰planet，在从句中作主语；who引导定语从句修饰astrophysicist，在从句中作主语。
句意：主持这项研究的西班牙天体物理学家周四说，一个国际天文学家小组发现了一个新的太阳系，其中有一颗行星可能适合居住。
4. The Pudong and Hongqiao airports expect to handle 21.4 million travelers, a 4-percent increase from last year, during the annual peak period in July and August, when many students and their families travel for summer vacations.
分析：句子主干是The Pudong and Hongqiao airports expect to handle 21.4 million travelers；during...作状语；when引导定语从句修饰July and August。
句意：在7月和8月的年度旅游高峰期，许多学生和他们的家人会在暑假期间出游。浦东机场和虹桥机场预计将接待2140万游客，比去年同期增长4%。
5.We are asking them to change the event from a Roundup where they collect and kill off as many snakes as they can, to a Rattlesnake Festival where the species is celebrated for its value to our ecosystem, as against being killed because of fear of the species.
分析：句子主干是We are asking them to change the event；from …because of fear of the species作状语；两个where引导的定语从句分别修饰Roundup和Festival。
句意：我们让他们对这个节日做出改变。把它从一个捕获、杀害大量蛇的捕猎节改为庆祝响尾蛇对生态系统的益处的节日，而不是因害怕蛇而杀害它们。
6. I can’t promise that the menu items are all good for you, but here are 30 places —which have received plenty of online praise from travelers and locals alike —where your road-trip pit stop （中途休息）will be anything but ordinary.
分析：句子主干是I can’t promise that the menu items are all good for you, but here are 30 places；which和where引导定语从句修饰places。句意：虽然不能保证菜单上的食物都合你胃口，但这里有30个地方——它们在网上得到了旅行者和当地人的一致好评——在这里，你的公路之旅绝不会是一个普通的停留站。
四、what从句
what引导从句时，很多情况下相当于something that，这样更便于理解句意。
1.In the following pages, I will share some of my recommendations for what you can do to experience healthy aging.
分析：what引导的从句作介词for的宾语；what相当于the practice that。句意：在接下来的文章中，我将告诉你如何体验健康的老龄化。
2. What many people mean by the word “power”could be more accurately described as “control”.
分析： what引导的从句在句中作主语，what相当于something that。
句意：许多人所说的“权力”可以更准确地描述为“控制”。
3. He bought a pen as a birthday present for his niece at what his wife thought was a reasonable price before they went to his niece’s birthday.
分析：what引导的从句作at的宾语，what相当于the price that。
句意：在参加生日聚会之前，他给他的侄女买了一支钢笔作为生日礼物，他的妻子认为价钱适中。
4.This makes it extremely simple to save what you find with an electronic bookmark so you can return to it later.
分析：what引导的从句作save的宾语；what在从句中作find的宾语；what 相当于things that。
句意：如此一来，用电子书签保存所找到的网页内容就变得非常简单，日后也可以再次访问。
五、同位语
同位语一般都位于名词的后面，对名词进行解释说明。当同位语是词或短语时，它和名词之间通常有逗号或者破折号。同位语从句的句意完整，连接词that在从句中不充当成分。
1.On July 16, 1969, astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins lifted off from Launch Pad 39A (39A发射台) on
a journey to the Moon and into history.
分析：句子主干是astronauts lifted off from Launch Pad 39A；Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins作astronauts的同位语。句意：1969年7月16日，宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗、巴兹·奥尔德林和迈克尔·柯林斯从39A发射台升空，踏上了月球之旅，由此被载入历史。
2. The team is already working on a new and improved version of the robot —one that is 25 percent bigger and needs light just 1.5 times brighter than the sun to work.
分析：句子主干是The team is already working on a new and improved version of the robot；one作robot的同位语；that引导定语从句修饰one。
句意：该团队已经在研发一种全新升级版的机器人——比原来大25%，且只需要比太阳亮1.5倍的光就可以工作。
3. Many tourists may want reassurance that the likelihood of a shark attack is very slim before they head into the ocean.
分析：句子主干是Many tourists may want reassurance；that引导同位语从句，对reassurance进行解释说明。
句意：许多游客在下海前可能想要得到保证——鲨鱼袭击的可能性非常小。
4.Bill Gates, the richest man in the world, once expressed his hope that he would donate most of his hard-earned money to the society, leaving only a small amount to his family.
分析：句子主干是Bill Gates once expressed his hope；the richest man in the world作Bill Gates的同位语；that引导同位语从句，对hope进行解释说明；分词短语leaving only a small amount to his family作状语。句意：世界首富比尔·盖茨曾表示他希望将他辛苦赚来的大部分钱捐给社会，只将一小部分钱留给他的家庭。
六、强调
强调句型的结构为：it is / was + 要强调的部分+ that / who + 其余部分；辨别句子是否为强调句，可以把句子中的it is / was和that / who去掉，看句子是否完整，如果完整，表明该句是强调句。
1.It is only on the world market that we can prove the competitiveness and quality of our software.
分析：本句强调的是状语only on the world market。
句意：只有在国际市场上，才能展现出我们软件的竞争力和质量。
2.It was what he did when they were in trouble rather than what he said that moved us to tears.
分析：本句强调的是句中的主语what he did when they were in trouble …he said；如果改成非强调句则是What he did when they were in trouble rather than what he said moved us to tears。
句意：让我们感动的是他在困境中的行为而非语言。
3. It wasn’t until we each went our separate ways that I began to learn how to do things for myself.
分析：本句强调状语从句until we each went our separate ways；如果改成非强调句则是I didn’t begin to learn how to do things for myself until we each went our separate ways.
句意：直到我们分开后，我才开始学会独立。
七、综合
1.Thanks to their efforts, the hospital was cleaner and healthier for the sick soldiers, who thought Florence was a very special lady for what she had done for them.
分析：句子主干是the hospital was cleaner and healthier for the sick soldiers；Thanks to…作状语；who引导定语从句修饰soldiers，定语从句中what引导的从句作介词for的宾语。
句意：由于她们的努力，医院更加干净卫生了。而这一切让生病的士兵们觉得弗洛伦萨是一位非常特殊的女士。
2. If people learn a language because they need to use it in work, they often learn it faster than people studying a language that has no direct use in their day-to-day life.
分析：if引导状语从句，主句为they often learn it faster...，studying a language that has no direct use in their day-to-day life修饰people，作后置定语；that引导定语从句，修饰language。
句意：因工作需要而学习一门语言的人要比生活中缺乏直接使用机会的人学的更快。
3. It is this unique set of competitive advantages that has made Ireland one of the most attractive locations for overseas investment
by some of the world’s leading technology companies, among which are Intel, Microsoft, Dell, Oracle and Amazon.
分析：句子主干是this unique set of competitive advantages has made Ireland one of the most attractive locations for overseas investment；本句为强调句，强调句子的主语this unique set of competitive advantages；among which引导定语从句，修饰companies。
句意：正是这些独特的、极具竞争力的优势使爱尔兰成为了全球最具吸引力的海外投资地区之一，引来了包括英特尔、微软、戴尔、甲骨文和亚马逊在内的诸多全球领先的技术公司。
4. OMG, which is run with help from the Ries’parents as well as an list of wildlife experts, has taken on a number of local and international activities, including raising money for cheetahs, working against throw-away plastic bags, and taking action to change the US tradition of Rattlesnake Roundups where thousands of rattlesnakes are killed for a community festival.
分析：句子主干是OMG has taken on a number of local and international activities。which引导的定语从句修饰主语OMG；including …for a community festival作状语；where引导的定语从句修饰Roundups。
句意：OMG的运营得到了里斯的父母和一些野生动物保护专家的帮助。该组
织在当地和国际上都举办了许多活动，包括为猎豹筹款、反对使用一次性塑料袋和采取措施改变美国的响尾蛇捕猎节的传统；在这个社区性的节日里成千上万条响尾蛇被捕杀。
历届高考英语长难句100句精选(1) 1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. （NMET2003.E篇） 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E篇） 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. （NMET2003.E篇） 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. （NMET2003.D篇）
英语长难句结构分析(含 2019 年高考全国 1-3 卷长难句) 英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下： 1主语＋谓语(不及物动词) 2主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 3主语＋系动词＋表语 4主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 5主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 此外还有特殊句式如there be-, 强调句，倒装句等。 但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇文段的理解。另外，新高考将包括两个写作题：读后续写(概要写作)和应 用文写作。在评分标准中把“尽力使用较复杂语法结构”视为是否得高分的标准之一。因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。 一个句子之所以成为长难句，就是因为句子各部分成分和结构复杂，具体说就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语(介词短语、非谓语动词、定语和状语)以及各种从句等。下面分类解析： 1、复杂主语 包括下列情形：含有连词如and, both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also), as well as；非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。如： Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage ( 从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (as well as 连接those who...与those least liked ...做主语)
掌门1对1教育高中英语 历年高考英语长难句精选100句(51-75) 51. News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.(NMET2003.31) 新闻报道说这两个国家的和平谈判失败,没有达成协议。 简析：关键词break down失败，reach an agreement达成协议。 52. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once have they quarreled with each other.(NMET2003.34) 这对老年夫妇结婚40年了，两人从来没有一次争吵。 简析：含主谓倒装句。 53. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort-making than lifting a fork to his mouth.(NMET2003) 要记住的是，伊德搞锻炼的想法根本没有进餐使用刀叉那么费力。 简析：含比较级句型。 54.As a result , at the point in our game when I’d have figured on (predicted) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor , it was instead 7 to 9 —and Ed was leading.(NMET2003) 就在我们比赛之前，我曾预料这场比赛对我有利，比分大概是9比1，结果比分反而是7比9，伊德暂时领先。 简析：关键词figure on预计，估计;in one’s favor对某人有利。 55.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered
历届高考英语长难句100 句精选 1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难， 包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理 工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.（NMET2003.E篇） 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的 人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求 主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E 篇） 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身， 印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。
高考真题长难句荟萃1 长难句1：To be narrower than a piece of A4 you need to have roughly a 25-inch waist or less, which is much thinner than the 35-inch average American waist, practically impossible for most human beings. 译文：为了让你的腰比一张A4纸还要窄，你需要大约25英寸的腰围，甚至更小。这比一般美国人35英寸的腰围小多了，对大多数人几乎是不可能的。 分析：这个句子虽然很长，但结构还是很清晰的。To be narrower ... 在句首作目的状语，主句为you need to ... less，which引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a 25-inch waist or less。 点拨： roughly：大致地；about practically：几乎；差不多 长难句2：Reviewers have severely criticized the strange trend for pressuring women to try to reach an unachievable goal. 译文：评论家们严厉批评了这种奇怪的趋势，在这种趋势下，女性会迫于压力，努力去达到一个根本不可能实现的目标。 分析：本句的结构比较简单，主干为sb criticize sb / sth for ... 点拨： pressure：[熟词生义]迫使(同义替换force，帮助理解pressure) 长难句3：The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. 译文：一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，并不意味着他们没有这些情感。
历年高考英语长难句100例大汇总（上） 1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，虽然几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎;overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. 这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。 简析：关键词term术语。 6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves. 它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。 简析：比喻生动形象。 7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words. 大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。 简析：关键词the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)。
高考英语试题中长难句翻译与解析（一） 1. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part--particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables--was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. （全国I卷B篇） 【译文】游泳，品酒以及欣赏粉红色的落日（一般在傍晚时分，而不是下午四点）把整个周末填的满满的，但精彩的部分也是让我最中意的是上午7点的萨拉索塔市农贸市场的一次历险，尤其是被数月寒天块根蔬菜弄得生活沉闷之后，这次探索之旅证明早起还是值得的。 【背景知识】Sarasota（萨拉索塔市）位于美国佛罗里达州的西南海岸线，濒临墨西哥湾，人口60余万，北邻海牛县，南靠夏洛特县，与两县共同构成佛罗里达州第七大市场和商业繁盛区。萨市文化底蕴深厚，是世界著名的“马戏城”和“艺术都会”，因马戏而建城，演员剧团演出的百老汇歌剧蜚声全美。 最适宜人居之家园。萨拉索塔市位于墨西哥湾海岸线，碧水围城，绿色遍地，四季常绿植物和灌木丛座拥这座海上城市，空气清新，气候冬暖夏凉。高雅的芭蕾舞和百老汇歌剧给萨拉索塔市笼上了神秘的艺术色彩，装点着市民的休闲生活。户外活动丰富多彩，高尔夫、游艇、划船、网球、滑水等应有尽有，萨市因此被誉为“探索者的天堂”。在萨市参观，街道干净整洁，房屋多为别墅，间距合理，错落有致，整个城市风格铺展着一幅南美风情的特有画卷。白色的沙滩、精湛的艺术、一流的商场、旖旎的自然风光和宜人的气候, 使萨市成为美国最适宜居住的15个城市之一，是众多游客向往的度假休闲目的地。 【考查】25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile? A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air. C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.【D】 【词汇解析】be to one’s taste 适合某人口味；合某人得意root vegetables 块根类蔬菜 The early wake-up call 早醒电话；叫早电话（尤其在宾馆、酒店常有这种服务） 2. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness dee pened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly-opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where-- luckily for me-- I was planning to have dinner that very night. （全国I卷B篇）【译文】虽然那些新鲜柔嫩的西红柿让我欣喜，但当我了解到一个新开张的饭馆Jack Dusty供应商就是Brown’s Grove Farm时，我更加开心不已，因为幸运的是那家饭馆就是我们打算那晚在萨拉索塔市的丽丝卡尔顿大酒店the Sarasota Ritz Carlton就餐的地方。 【背景知识】丽丝卡尔顿（Ritz Carlton）是一个高级酒店及度假村品牌，现时拥有超过70个酒店物业，分布在24戈国家的主要城市。The Ritz Carlton在国际高档酒店业，被公认为首屈一指的超级品牌。 【考查】27. What was the author going to that evening? A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel. C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables. 【C】 【词汇解析】Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when... 本句是as 引导的让步状语从句，表语部分delighted前置。意为“尽管看到那些西红柿我很高兴不已，但...时我的幸福感大增。”supplier 供应商newly-opened新开张（业）的 3. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg. （全国I卷C篇） 【译文】本次展览与西班牙马德里雷纳索非亚国家博物馆密切合作展出了萨尔瓦多.达利的精品之作，以及来自于圣彼得堡萨尔瓦多.达利博物馆等其它机构提供的艺术作品。 【背景知识】Museo Nacional Reina Sofia：雷纳·索菲亚博物馆是西班牙马德里的一座国立20世纪美术博物馆。这座美术馆于1992年9月10日正式开幕，得名于西班牙索菲亚王后。索菲亚王后艺术中心靠近阿托查车站和地铁站，位于沿着普拉多大道的所谓艺术金三角（Triángulo del Arte auch Triángulo de Oro）的南端（还包括普拉多博物馆和蒂森-博尔内米萨博物馆）。 索菲亚博物馆主要收藏西班牙艺术品，其亮点是20世纪西班牙两位大师的杰作：巴勃罗·毕加索的《格尔尼卡》，以及萨尔瓦多·达利的作品。外国艺术家的作品不多。 the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg位于美国佛罗里达州圣彼德堡场地面积：66000平方英尺（约合6131.60平方米）HOK联手Beck Group一同设计了一个新的博物馆，用来陈列萨尔瓦多·达利的作品。这个新的博物馆坐落于美国佛罗里达州圣彼得斯堡。设计灵感正来自于萨尔瓦多·达利这位超现实主义者本人，结合传统和幻想元素。设计反映了达利的精华，同时为应对佛罗里达的恶劣天气融合了相关功能元素。 【考查】31. What does the word “contribution” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Artworks. B. Projects. C. Donations. D. Documents. 【A】 【词汇解析】in close collaboration with sb. 与某人密切合作 5. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle--longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.（全国I卷D篇）【译文】多年来，法国生活方式的变化（如：工作时间的延长，快餐业的繁荣以及年青一代渴望在家多呆些时间等）让巴黎的咖啡馆深受其害。 【背景知识】到巴黎旅游，在游览卢浮宫、埃菲尔铁塔、凯旋门等名胜之余，可以去一些著名咖啡馆（Café）去用餐、喝咖啡，体会巴黎历史与文化的深韵。 Café遍布巴黎，是人们饮食、休憩、社交的重要场所。巴黎人一天中有很多时间都是在Café中度过的。早上，在Café喝一杯咖啡，吃上一个牛角包；中午，享用一份法式三明治，小憩片刻；晚上，要一杯红酒，与朋友一起畅谈至深夜。座落在巴黎各个角落的Café目睹了这个城市中发生的各种前尘往事。 【考查】33.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes? A. They are less frequently visited. B. They stay open for longer hours. C. They have bigger night crowds. D. They start to serve fast food. 【A】 【词汇解析】fall victim to sth. 成为...的受害者；使...深受其害boom 指经济等的繁荣；迅速发展。 【译文】【背景知识】【考查】【词汇解析】
精品文档 ２００８年各省、市高考英语阅读理解长难句透析 长难句在阅读理解中容易给考生造成障碍，形成一种心理压力，使考生失分。如果考生面对这些长难句，在短时间内能对它们进行结构解析，确切地理解它们的汉语意思，考生在阅读过程中的问题就会迎刃而解。以下是对2008年各省、市高考英语阅读理解中的一些有代表性的长难句的解析。 1.Their study found that theobromine，found in cocoa，was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine，which was considered the best cough medicine at present. The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and”this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，”said Professor Peter Barnes. (NMET2008全国ll D篇) 简析：第一个句子中有一个宾语从句，宾语从句中有一过去分词短语found in cocoa作定语，还有一个非限制性定语从句；第二个句子中有一个定语从句。 译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药物，可是他们的研究发现在可可粉中包含的可可碱，其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。 在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道：这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得·巴恩斯教授说道：“这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步”。 实例：53.According to Professor Barnes，theobromine______. A.cannot be as effective as codeine B.can be harmful to people's health C.cannot be separated from chocolate D.can be a more effective cure for coughs 2.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth's surface.It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds or the Earth's surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet.(NMET 2008 江苏卷B篇) 简析：句子中含有两个定语从句，这是解题的关键。either ...or连结的是并列结构。 译文：来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面，这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收。在到达低层大气的能量中，有30%的能量被云层或地球的表面所反射，剩下的70%使地球的表面温暖。 实例：60.Only a small part of the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's surface because most of it is______. A.absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere 精品文档． 精品文档 B.reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere C.lost in the upper and lower atmosphere https://www.360docs.net/doc/eb18393185.html,ed to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes 3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the world's largest youth environmental organization. (NMET 2008 山东卷D篇) 简析：第一句中夹杂有一个结果状语从句，又有复杂主语。主语的中心语为The response，其后的to her request for help为后置定语，第二句是由and并列的两个简单句，其中第二句中承前省略了主语kids FACE。 译文：人们对她请求帮助的反应如此强烈以至于波建立了一个为了更洁净环境的孩子的组织。现在这个组织在全世界
高考英语-经典长难句解析及翻译 7. 2018年全国Ⅰ卷，阅读理解D篇 The team' s data only went up to2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 生词： function n. 功能 tablet n. 平板电脑 第一步：有并列结构（but） 第二部：分析主干和定状 The team' s data（主语）only（小状）went（谓语）up to 2007（小状）， the researchers（主语）also explored（谓语）what would happen（宾语）if consumers replaced old products with new electronics（状语，从句）that serve more than one function （定语）, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing（同位语）. 第三步： 根据状语倒序前置，定语倒序前置的翻译方法，我们可也把这句话翻译为： “这个团队的数据截止到2007年”
“如果消费者用不止一个功能的新电器，比如可以处理文字并且看电视的平板，来取代老的产品，研究者们也弄清楚了将会发生什么事情。” 第四步：合并并列结构并翻译： “这个团队的数据截止到2007年。但是，如果消费者用不止一个功能的新电器，比如可以处理文字并且看电视的平板，来取代老的产品，研究者们也弄清楚了将会发生什么事情。” Get busy living or get busy dying 6. 2018年全国Ⅰ卷，阅读理解D篇 According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. 生词： analysis n. 分析 cathode ray tubes 阴极射线管 consumption n. 消耗 第一步：没有并列结构 第二部：分析主干和定状 According to the analysis（状1，分词短语）of Babbitt's team（状2，介词短语）, old desktop monitors and box TVs（主语）with cathode ray tubes（定语）are（系）the worst devices
历届高考英语长难句100句精选 1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. （NMET200 3.E篇） 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。
高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解 第一节：找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment --- although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed --he; ordered--he; (should) not be used ---federal--funds; had proposed --- no one; asked--he (asked前面有and, 说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为“he ordered... asked ....”, “Declaring that...”作状语。 句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 第二节：提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and
历年高考英语长难句100例大汇总 1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，虽然几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎;overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。