2021年高中英语语法复习 第十二讲 定语从句讲练

语法精讲在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。注意：1. 关系代词在从句中做主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

2. 关系代词who, which, that 在限定性定语从句中做动词宾语或介词宾

语，而该介词又位于从句末尾时，经常省略，但 as一般不省

that既可指人，又可指物，在定语从句中可做主语，宾语（可省略）

This is the first sum of money (that) the children’s family has

received.

This is not the only apple that has rotten away.

Who that knows him would believe him?

He’s changed. He’s not the man that he was.

I’ll never forget the day that/which we spent together in the countryside.

下列情况下，往往在下面几种情况下只用that引导定语从句：

A.先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing,

anything等。例如：

All that we have to do is to practise every day.

B.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如：

The first lesson that l learned will never be forgotten.

C.先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some修饰时。例如：

l have read all the books (that) you gave me.

D.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。例如：

He is the only person that l want to talk to.

E.先行词既有人又有物时。例如：

They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.

F.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句应用that, 以

免与先行词重复。Who is the boy that was here just now?

Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? Which指物，在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语

This is the house (that/which) he visited last year

He paid the boy ten dollars for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. Carol said the work could be done by October, which personally I doubt very much.

Is this the museum which we visited last year?

The science of medicine, in which progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.

Is this the house which the great musician was born in?

She likes to use words of which the meanings are clear to him.

The stories about this secret person,of which this is one example, are widely spread among people.

Whose 引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语; 其先行词不仅可指人，还物; Whose 在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可做介词宾语，还可以与介词

放在先行词与从句之间; whose 的先行词指物时，可用 of which 代替 whose，

但词序不同，即 whose+名词 =the +名词 +of which 例如：

That’s the child whose drawing we looked at just now.

It was a meeting whose importance I didn’t realize at the time.

I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.

The boss in whose department Mr. King worked had heard about the accident. Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.

The novel whose title is Red and Black is very interesting (=the title

of which)

He lives in the room whose window faces south(=the window of which)

as such…as the same …as 注意与such…that引导结果状语从句

的区别

关系代词which和as在定语从句中的区别是：which不能放句首，而as则可以；

在句中时，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而 which则没有。

As has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.(xx 上

春)

She is such a good teacher as we all love and respect.

She is a good teacher that/who we all love and respect.

She is such a good teacher that we all love and respect her.

Such workers as attended the conference had to pay their own expenses.

Shakespear wrote such plays as could only have been the work of a genius.

I like the same book as you do. as做宾语

I shall do it in the same way as you did. as做状语

I want to have such a dictionary as he has. as做宾语