比较级的用法

比较级

比较的用法:

①双方比较, 表示一方超过另一方时, 用“比较级+than”的结构表示。例如:This pen is better than that one. He is cleverer than his sister. 但注意这种表达法:She is the older of the two sisters.

②表示一方不及另一方时, 用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。例如:This park is less beautiful than that one.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时, 可在比较级前加表示程度的状语(如even, a lot, a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, by far等)修饰。例如:He works even harder than before. Things are far worse than expected. 注意:英语比较级前若无even, still, yet等时, 译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”, 或不译出, 一般不用“更”。例如:She feels better than yesterday. 她比昨天好些了。Please come earlier tomorrow. 请明天早点来。注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时, 一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面, 应在中间加“the”。例如:He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程序而变化, 即表达“越……(就)越……”意义时, 用the+比较级(主语+谓语), the+比较级(主语+谓语)”的结构。例如:The harder he worked, the more progress he made. The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.

⑤不与其它事物相比, 表示本身程度的改变, 即表达“越来越……”意义时, 用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。例如:The weather is getting colder and colder. The city is becoming more and more beautiful.

⑥“no+比较级”与“not+比较级”结构含义不同。“no+比较级”表示两个人(事物)都含有与该形容词相反的属性;“not+比较级”表示两个事物都具有该形容词的属性, 只是在程度上前者不如后者。试比较:Tom is no taller than Jack. (=Tom is as short as Jack. ) Tom is not taller than Jack. (=Tom is not so tall as Jack.)

⑦某些以or结尾的形容词进行比较时, 用to代替than。(这些词有inferior, superior, junior, senior, prior等。) 例如:He is superior to Mr. Wang in mathematics.

⑧在比较从句中, 为了避免重复, 我们通常用that(those), one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物, one既可指人, 也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和

不可数名词, 而one只能代替可数名词。例如:The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk. A box made of iron is stronger than the one made of wood.

⑨倍数表示法。假定两事物A和B对比, 比较中有A是B的几倍和A比B大(小)几倍两种情况:

(1)A是B的几倍可表示为:A is. times as+形容词(副词)原级+as

B. /A is. times the size(length/height/amount etc. ) of B. 例如:这座桥是旧桥的3倍长。

①This bridge is three times as long as the old one.

②This bridge is three times the length of the old one.

(2)A比B大(小)几倍或多(少)几倍可表示为:

A is. . . times+比较级+than

B. /A is. times + more(less)than B. 例如:这座桥比旧桥长3倍。This birdge is three times longer than that of the old one. =This bridge is four times as long as the old one. 再如:我厂今年的产量比去年多2倍。The output of our plant this year is twice larger than last year. =The output of our plant this year is three times the amount of last year. 用times表示倍数, 一般只限于表示包括基数在三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可以用twice或double。

最高级的用法:

①三者或三者以上相比, 表示最高程度时, 用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较围的介词短语。例如:Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works(the)hardest in his class. This is the most brave nation in the world.

②最高级可被序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。例如:This hat is by

far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat cost.

③表示“最高程度”的形容词(如excellent, extreme, perfect, favourite等)没有最高级, 也不能用比较级。