149例伴有自杀观念的抑郁症患者应对方式的性别差异

149例伴有自杀观念的抑郁症患者应对方式的性别差异

摘要】目的探讨伴有自杀观念的抑郁症患者应对方式的性别差异。方法对符合ICD-10抑郁症诊断标准的149例(男72例，女77例)抑郁症患者采用贝克抑郁自

评量表、简易应对方式问卷进行调查分析。结果男性组的积极应对分高于女性组（P＜0.05），消极应对分高于女性组（P＞0.05）。已婚男性组的积极应对分高

于女性（P＜0.05），消极应对分高于女性（P＜0.05）。初中以下文化程度的男

性组积极应对分高于女性（P＜0.05）。无论有或无宗教信仰的男性组的积极应对方式和消极应对方式分值均高于女性（P＞0.05）。结论伴有自杀观念的男性患

者的积极应对方式比女性好，但消极应对方式与女性无分别。已婚男性患者积极

应对方式和消极应对方式的分值均高于女性。初中以下文化程度的男性患者积极

应对方式比女性好。有无宗教信仰对抑郁症患者的应对方式没有影响。

【关键词】抑郁症自杀观念应对方式性别

Gender Differences in Defense Styles in 149 Depression Patients with Suicidal Ideation

DUAN Xinyi, LI Yuanyuan, ZENG Yong, WANG Jicai

(The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University 650031)

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the distinguish of defense styles in different gender of depression patients with suicidal ideation. Methods one hundred and forty-nine patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. The general information and defense styles were analyzed. Results The male group got significantly higher scores of positive defense styles than the female group (P＜0.05).No significance between negative defense styles of the male group and the female group was found（P＞0.05）.There are significantly higher scores both of positive defense styles and negative defense styles in the male group with marriage than that of the female group (P＜

0.05). The male group with level of education below junior middle school got significantly higher score of positive defense styles than that of the female group(P＜0.05). No significance between negative or positive defense styles of the male group with faith and the female group with faith

was found（P＞0.05）. Conclusion Positive defense styles of the male depression patients with suicidal ideation are better than those of female, but no significance at the negative defense styles

in different gender patients. Positive defense styles of the male group with marriage are better

than those of female. Positive defense styles in the male group with level of education below junior middle school are better than the female group. Faith has no impact in defense styles both in male and female group.

【Key words】 depression suicidal ideation defense styles gender抑郁症与自杀密切相关，与精神障碍相关的自杀死亡者中，50%～70%患有抑郁症，国内抑郁症自杀发生率为31.6%～51.1%[1]。自杀观念可以用来预测自杀行为，而对于抑郁症患者而言，不同的应对方式会影

响自杀观念的产生[1]。本研究主要探讨伴有自杀观念的不同性别抑郁症患者应对方式的差异，旨在为临床中不同性别抑郁症患者提供治疗抑郁和干预自杀的侧重点及临床依据。

1 资料和方法

1.1 研究对象

均来自于2008年5月～2009年2月在昆明医学院第一附属医院精神科及云南省精神卫生中

心寻求治疗和帮助的住院及门诊抑郁症患者，从中筛选出伴有自杀观念或自杀相关行为的作

为本次研究的对象，共149例。所有患者均符合疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类（ICD-10）中抑郁发作的诊断标准，同时由2名精神科主治医生评定，汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)[2]评分＞17分，贝克抑郁自评量表（BDI）[2]评分＞14分。年龄为18～55岁。排除标准：有

严重躯体疾病、神经系统疾病、精神发育迟滞、人格障碍等。男性组72例，平均年龄为

35.61±9.77岁；女性77例，平均年龄为33.83±11.44岁。男性组未婚18例，已婚52例，离

异或丧偶2例；女性组未婚25例，已婚41例，离异或丧偶11例，两组有显著性差异（Ｘ2